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入门教程
<a class="edit-page-link" href="https://github.com/facebook/react/tree/master/docs/docs/getting-started.zh-CN.md" target="_blank">Edit on GitHub</a>
</h1>
<div class="subHeader"></div>
<h2><a class="anchor" name="jsfiddle"></a>JSFiddle <a class="hash-link" href="#jsfiddle">#</a></h2>
<p>开始 Hack React 的最简单的方法是用下面 JSFiddle 的Hello Worlds</p>
<ul>
<li><strong><a href="https://jsfiddle.net/reactjs/69z2wepo/">React JSFiddle</a></strong></li>
<li><a href="https://jsfiddle.net/reactjs/5vjqabv3/">React JSFiddle without JSX</a></li>
</ul>
<h2><a class="anchor" name="-npm--react"></a>通过 npm 使用 React <a class="hash-link" href="#-npm--react">#</a></h2>
<p>我们建议在 React 中使用 CommonJS 模块系统,比如 <a href="http://browserify.org/">browserify</a><a href="https://webpack.github.io/">webpack</a>。使用 <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/react"><code>react</code></a><a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/react-dom"><code>react-dom</code></a> npm 包.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="c1">// main.js</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">React</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;react&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">ReactDOM</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;react-dom&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">h1</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">Hello</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">world</span><span class="o">!&lt;</span><span class="err">/h1&gt;,</span>
<span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;example&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>要用 browserify 安装 React DOM 和构建你的包。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span class="nv">$ </span>npm install --save react react-dom babelify babel-preset-react
<span class="nv">$ </span>browserify -t <span class="o">[</span> babelify --presets <span class="o">[</span> react <span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">]</span> main.js -o bundle.js
</code></pre></div>
<p>要用 webpack 安装 React DOM 和构建你的包: </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span class="nv">$ </span>npm install --save react react-dom babel-preset-react
<span class="nv">$ </span>webpack
</code></pre></div>
<blockquote>
<p>注意:</p>
<p>如果你正在使用 ES2015, 你将要使用 <code>babel-preset-es2015</code> 包.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>注意:</strong> 默认情况下,React 将会在开发模式,很缓慢,不建议用于生产。要在生产模式下使用 React,设置环境变量 <code>NODE_ENV</code><code>production</code> (使用 envify 或者 webpack&#39;s DefinePlugin)。例如:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">webpack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">DefinePlugin</span><span class="p">({</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;process.env&quot;</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">NODE_ENV</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">JSON</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stringify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;production&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">});</span>
</code></pre></div><h2><a class="anchor" name="-npm-"></a>不用 npm 的快速开始 <a class="hash-link" href="#-npm-">#</a></h2>
<p>如果你现在还没准备要使用npm,你可以下载这个已经包含了预构建的 React 和 React DOM 拷贝的入门套件. </p>
<div class="buttons-unit downloads">
<a href="/react/downloads/react-0.14.8.zip" class="button">
下载入门套件 0.14.8
</a>
</div>
<p>在入门教程包的根目录,创建一个含有如下代码的 <code>helloworld.html</code></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="cp">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;html&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;head&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;meta</span> <span class="na">charset=</span><span class="s">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;title&gt;</span>Hello React!<span class="nt">&lt;/title&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;script </span><span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">&quot;build/react.js&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;script </span><span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">&quot;build/react-dom.js&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;script </span><span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">&quot;https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/babel-core/5.8.23/browser.min.js&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/head&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;body&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">&quot;example&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;script </span><span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">&quot;text/babel&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">h1</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">Hello</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">world</span><span class="o">!&lt;</span><span class="err">/h1&gt;,</span>
<span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;example&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/script&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/body&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/html&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>在 JavaScript 代码里写着 XML 格式的代码称为 JSX;可以去 <a href="/react/docs/jsx-in-depth.html">JSX 语法</a> 里学习更多 JSX 相关的知识。为了把 JSX 转成标准的 JavaScript,我们用 <code>&lt;script type=&quot;text/babel&quot;&gt;</code> 标签,并引入 Babel 来完成在浏览器里的代码转换。在浏览器里打开这个html,你应该可以看到成功的消息!</p>
<h3><a class="anchor" name=""></a>分离文件 <a class="hash-link" href="#">#</a></h3>
<p>你的 React JSX 代码文件可以写在另外的文件里。新建下面的 <code>src/helloworld.js</code></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">h1</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">Hello</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">world</span><span class="o">!&lt;</span><span class="err">/h1&gt;,</span>
<span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;example&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>然后在 <code>helloworld.html</code> 引用该文件:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;script </span><span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">&quot;text/babel&quot;</span> <span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">&quot;src/helloworld.js&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>注意一些浏览器(比如 Chrome )会在使用 HTTP 以外的协议加载文件时失败。</p>
<h3><a class="anchor" name=""></a>离线转换 <a class="hash-link" href="#">#</a></h3>
<p>先安装<a href="http://babeljs.io/">Babel</a>命令行工具(需要 <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/">npm</a>):</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">npm install --global babel-cli
npm install babel-preset-react
</code></pre></div>
<p>然后把你的 <code>src/helloworld.js</code> 文件转成标准的 JavaScript:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">babel --presets react src --watch --out-dir build
</code></pre></div>
<blockquote>
<p>注意:</p>
<p>如果你正在使用 ES2015, 你将需要使用 <code>babel-preset-es2015</code> 包.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><code>build/helloworld.js</code> 会在你对文件进行修改时自动生成。 阅读 <a href="http://babeljs.io/docs/usage/cli/">Babel CLI 文档</a> 了解高级用法。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="hll"> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createElement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;h1&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Hello, world!&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;example&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>对照下面更新你的 HTML 代码</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="cp">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;html&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;head&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;meta</span> <span class="na">charset=</span><span class="s">&quot;UTF-8&quot;</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;title&gt;</span>Hello React!<span class="nt">&lt;/title&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;script </span><span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">&quot;build/react.js&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;script </span><span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">&quot;build/react-dom.js&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</span>
<span class="hll"> <span class="c">&lt;!-- 不需要 Babel! --&gt;</span>
</span> <span class="nt">&lt;/head&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;body&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">&quot;example&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="hll"> <span class="nt">&lt;script </span><span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">&quot;build/helloworld.js&quot;</span><span class="nt">&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</span>
</span> <span class="nt">&lt;/body&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/html&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div><h2><a class="anchor" name=""></a>下一步 <a class="hash-link" href="#">#</a></h2>
<p>去看看<a href="/react/docs/tutorial.html">入门教程</a> 和入门教程包 <code>examples</code> 目录下的其它例子学习更多。</p>
<p>我们还有一个社区开发者共建的 Wiki:<a href="https://github.com/facebook/react/wiki/Complementary-Tools">workflows, UI-components, routing, data management etc.</a></p>
<p>恭喜你,欢迎来到 React 的世界。</p>
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<a class="docs-next" href="/react/docs/tutorial-zh-CN.html">Next &rarr;</a>
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