Migrate RNTester to use {usesCleartextTraffic} Manifest Placeholder (#52620)

Summary:
This creates a `debugOptimized` build type for React Native Android, meaning that we can run C++ optimization on the debug build, while still having the debugger enabled. This is aimed at improving the developer experience for folks developing on low-end devices or emulators.

Users that intend to debug can still use the `debug` variant where the full debug symbols are shipped.

## Changelog:

[ANDROID] [ADDED] - Create a debugOptimized buildType for Android


Test Plan:
Tested locally with RNTester by doing:

```
./gradlew installDebugOptimized
```

This is the output of the 3 generated .aar. The size difference is a proof that we're correctly stripping out the C++ debug symbols:

<img width="193" height="54" alt="Screenshot 2025-07-15 at 17 49 50" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/584a0e8d-2d17-40d4-ac29-da09049d6554" />
<img width="235" height="51" alt="Screenshot 2025-07-15 at 17 49 39" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/eda8f9e7-3509-4334-8c16-990e55caa04d" />
<img width="184" height="52" alt="Screenshot 2025-07-15 at 17 49 32" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a5c94385-bc00-4484-b43e-088ee039827f" />

Rollback Plan:

Reviewed By: cipolleschi

Differential Revision: D78351347

Pulled By: cortinico

.github/workflows/test-all.yml

@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        node-version: ["24", "22"]
+        node-version: ["24", "22", "20"]
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4

packages/assets/package.json

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
   ],
   "bugs": "https://github.com/facebook/react-native/issues",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   },
   "files": [
     "path-support.js",

packages/babel-plugin-codegen/package.json

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
   ],
   "bugs": "https://github.com/facebook/react-native/issues",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   },
   "files": [
     "index.js"

packages/community-cli-plugin/package.json

@@ -43,6 +43,6 @@
     }
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   }
 }

packages/core-cli-utils/package.json

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
   ],
   "bugs": "https://github.com/facebook/react-native/issues",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   },
   "files": [
     "dist"

packages/debugger-frontend/package.json

@@ -20,6 +20,6 @@
     "BUILD_INFO"
   ],
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   }
 }

packages/debugger-shell/package.json

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
   },
   "license": "MIT",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0",
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4",
     "electron": ">=36.3.0"
   },
   "dependencies": {

packages/dev-middleware/package.json

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
     "ws": "^6.2.3"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "selfsigned": "^2.4.1",

packages/eslint-config-react-native/package.json

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
   ],
   "bugs": "https://github.com/facebook/react-native/issues",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   },
   "main": "index.js",
   "dependencies": {

packages/eslint-plugin-react-native/package.json

@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@
     "hermes-eslint": "0.29.1"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   }
 }

packages/eslint-plugin-specs/package.json

@@ -36,6 +36,6 @@
     "hermes-eslint": "0.29.1"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   }
 }

packages/gradle-plugin/package.json

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
   ],
   "bugs": "https://github.com/facebook/react-native/issues",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   },
   "scripts": {
     "build": "./gradlew build",

packages/gradle-plugin/react-native-gradle-plugin/src/main/kotlin/com/facebook/react/ReactPlugin.kt

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import com.facebook.react.tasks.GenerateEntryPointTask
 import com.facebook.react.tasks.GeneratePackageListTask
 import com.facebook.react.utils.AgpConfiguratorUtils.configureBuildConfigFieldsForApp
 import com.facebook.react.utils.AgpConfiguratorUtils.configureBuildConfigFieldsForLibraries
+import com.facebook.react.utils.AgpConfiguratorUtils.configureBuildTypesForApp
 import com.facebook.react.utils.AgpConfiguratorUtils.configureDevServerLocation
 import com.facebook.react.utils.AgpConfiguratorUtils.configureNamespaceForLibraries
 import com.facebook.react.utils.BackwardCompatUtils.configureBackwardCompatibilityReactMap
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ class ReactPlugin : Plugin<Project> {
       configureAutolinking(project, extension)
       configureCodegen(project, extension, rootExtension, isLibrary = false)
       configureResources(project, extension)
+      configureBuildTypesForApp(project)
     }
 
     // Library Only Configuration

packages/gradle-plugin/react-native-gradle-plugin/src/main/kotlin/com/facebook/react/utils/AgpConfiguratorUtils.kt

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import java.net.Inet4Address
 import java.net.NetworkInterface
 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder
 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory
+import kotlin.plus
 import org.gradle.api.Action
 import org.gradle.api.Project
 import org.gradle.api.plugins.AppliedPlugin
@@ -27,6 +28,26 @@ import org.w3c.dom.Element
 @Suppress("UnstableApiUsage")
 internal object AgpConfiguratorUtils {
 
+  fun configureBuildTypesForApp(project: Project) {
+    val action =
+        Action<AppliedPlugin> {
+          project.extensions
+              .getByType(ApplicationAndroidComponentsExtension::class.java)
+              .finalizeDsl { ext ->
+                ext.buildTypes {
+                  val debug =
+                      getByName("debug").apply {
+                        manifestPlaceholders["usesCleartextTraffic"] = "true"
+                      }
+                  getByName("release").apply {
+                    manifestPlaceholders["usesCleartextTraffic"] = "false"
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+        }
+    project.pluginManager.withPlugin("com.android.application", action)
+  }
+
   fun configureBuildConfigFieldsForApp(project: Project, extension: ReactExtension) {
     val action =
         Action<AppliedPlugin> {

packages/gradle-plugin/shared/src/test/kotlin/com/facebook/react/utils/OsTest.kt

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class OsTest {
 
   @Test
   fun unixifyPath_withAWindowsPath_convertsItCorrectly() {
-    val aWindowsPath = "C:\\just\\a\\windows\\path\\"
+    val aWindowsPath = "D:\\just\\a\\windows\\path\\"
 
     assertThat("/D/just/a/windows/path/").isEqualTo(aWindowsPath.unixifyPath())
   }

packages/metro-config/package.json

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
   ],
   "bugs": "https://github.com/facebook/react-native/issues",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   },
   "exports": {
     ".": "./src/index.js",

packages/new-app-screen/package.json

@@ -30,6 +30,6 @@
     }
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   }
 }

packages/polyfills/package.json

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
   ],
   "bugs": "https://github.com/facebook/react-native/issues",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   },
   "files": [
     "console.js",

packages/react-native-babel-preset/package.json

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
   ],
   "license": "MIT",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   },
   "main": "src/index.js",
   "files": [

packages/react-native-babel-transformer/package.json

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
   ],
   "license": "MIT",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   },
   "main": "src/index.js",
   "files": [

packages/react-native-codegen/package.json

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
   ],
   "bugs": "https://github.com/facebook/react-native/issues",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   },
   "scripts": {
     "build": "yarn clean && node scripts/build.js --verbose",

packages/react-native-compatibility-check/package.json

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
   ],
   "bugs": "https://github.com/facebook/react-native/issues",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   },
   "exports": {
     ".": "./src/index.js",

packages/react-native/Libraries/Core/setUpPerformance.js

@@ -8,12 +8,13 @@
  * @format
  */
 
-import Performance from '../../src/private/webapis/performance/Performance';
 import NativePerformance from '../../src/private/webapis/performance/specs/NativePerformance';
 
 // In case if the native implementation of the Performance API is available, use it,
 // otherwise fall back to the legacy/default one, which only defines 'Performance.now()'
 if (NativePerformance) {
+  const Performance =
+    require('../../src/private/webapis/performance/Performance').default;
   // $FlowExpectedError[cannot-write]
   global.performance = new Performance();
 } else {

packages/react-native/ReactAndroid/src/main/java/com/facebook/react/ReactRootView.java

@@ -135,6 +135,10 @@ public class ReactRootView extends FrameLayout implements RootView, ReactRoot {
   private void init() {
     setRootViewTag(ReactRootViewTagGenerator.getNextRootViewTag());
     setClipChildren(false);
+
+    if (ReactNativeFeatureFlags.enableFontScaleChangesUpdatingLayout()) {
+      DisplayMetricsHolder.initDisplayMetrics(getContext().getApplicationContext());
+    }
   }
 
   @Override

packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/renderer/uimanager/UIManagerBinding.cpp

@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ void UIManagerBinding::dispatchEventToJS(
   }
 
   auto instanceHandle = eventTarget != nullptr ? [&]() {
-    auto retrievedInstanceHandle = eventTarget->getInstanceHandle(runtime);
-    if (retrievedInstanceHandle.isUndefined()) {
+    auto instanceHandle = eventTarget->getInstanceHandle(runtime);
+    if (instanceHandle.isUndefined()) {
       return jsi::Value::null();
     }
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ void UIManagerBinding::dispatchEventToJS(
     react_native_assert(payload.isObject());
     payload.asObject(runtime).setProperty(
         runtime, "target", eventTarget->getTag());
-    return retrievedInstanceHandle;
+    return instanceHandle;
   }()
                                                : jsi::Value::null();
 

packages/react-native/package.json

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
   ],
   "bugs": "https://github.com/facebook/react-native/issues",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   },
   "bin": {
     "react-native": "cli.js"

packages/react-native/src/private/webapis/performance/EventTiming.js

@@ -15,9 +15,11 @@ import type {
   PerformanceEntryJSON,
 } from './PerformanceEntry';
 
-import {warnNoNativePerformance} from './internals/Utilities';
 import {PerformanceEntry} from './PerformanceEntry';
-import NativePerformance from './specs/NativePerformance';
+import MaybeNativePerformance from './specs/NativePerformance';
+import nullthrows from 'nullthrows';
+
+const NativePerformance = nullthrows(MaybeNativePerformance);
 
 export type PerformanceEventTimingJSON = {
   ...PerformanceEntryJSON,
@@ -86,14 +88,8 @@ function getCachedEventCounts(): Map<string, number> {
     return cachedEventCounts;
   }
 
-  if (!NativePerformance || !NativePerformance?.getEventCounts) {
-    warnNoNativePerformance();
-    cachedEventCounts = new Map();
-    return cachedEventCounts;
-  }
-
   const eventCounts = new Map<string, number>(
-    NativePerformance.getEventCounts?.() ?? [],
+    NativePerformance.getEventCounts() ?? [],
   );
   cachedEventCounts = eventCounts;
 

packages/react-native/src/private/webapis/performance/Performance.js

@@ -35,8 +35,9 @@ import {
 } from './internals/Utilities';
 import MemoryInfo from './MemoryInfo';
 import ReactNativeStartupTiming from './ReactNativeStartupTiming';
-import NativePerformance from './specs/NativePerformance';
+import MaybeNativePerformance from './specs/NativePerformance';
 import {PerformanceMark, PerformanceMeasure} from './UserTiming';
+import nullthrows from 'nullthrows';
 
 export type PerformanceMeasureOptions =
   | $ReadOnly<{
@@ -58,11 +59,13 @@ export type PerformanceMeasureOptions =
 const ENTRY_TYPES_AVAILABLE_FROM_TIMELINE: $ReadOnlyArray<PerformanceEntryType> =
   ['mark', 'measure'];
 
-const cachedReportMark = NativePerformance?.reportMark;
-const cachedReportMeasure = NativePerformance?.reportMeasure;
-const cachedGetMarkTime = NativePerformance?.getMarkTime;
-const cachedNativeClearMarks = NativePerformance?.clearMarks;
-const cachedNativeClearMeasures = NativePerformance?.clearMeasures;
+const NativePerformance = nullthrows(MaybeNativePerformance);
+
+const cachedReportMark = NativePerformance.reportMark;
+const cachedReportMeasure = NativePerformance.reportMeasure;
+const cachedGetMarkTime = NativePerformance.getMarkTime;
+const cachedNativeClearMarks = NativePerformance.clearMarks;
+const cachedNativeClearMeasures = NativePerformance.clearMeasures;
 
 const MARK_OPTIONS_REUSABLE_OBJECT: {...PerformanceMarkOptions} = {
   startTime: 0,
@@ -98,53 +101,46 @@ export default class Performance {
 
   // Get the current JS memory information.
   get memory(): MemoryInfo {
-    if (NativePerformance?.getSimpleMemoryInfo) {
-      // JSI API implementations may have different variants of names for the JS
-      // heap information we need here. We will parse the result based on our
-      // guess of the implementation for now.
-      const memoryInfo = NativePerformance.getSimpleMemoryInfo();
-      if (memoryInfo.hasOwnProperty('hermes_heapSize')) {
-        // We got memory information from Hermes
-        const {
-          hermes_heapSize: totalJSHeapSize,
-          hermes_allocatedBytes: usedJSHeapSize,
-        } = memoryInfo;
+    // JSI API implementations may have different variants of names for the JS
+    // heap information we need here. We will parse the result based on our
+    // guess of the implementation for now.
+    const memoryInfo = NativePerformance.getSimpleMemoryInfo();
+    if (memoryInfo.hasOwnProperty('hermes_heapSize')) {
+      // We got memory information from Hermes
+      const {
+        hermes_heapSize: totalJSHeapSize,
+        hermes_allocatedBytes: usedJSHeapSize,
+      } = memoryInfo;
 
-        return new MemoryInfo({
-          jsHeapSizeLimit: null, // We don't know the heap size limit from Hermes.
-          totalJSHeapSize,
-          usedJSHeapSize,
-        });
-      } else {
-        // JSC and V8 has no native implementations for memory information in JSI::Instrumentation
-        return new MemoryInfo();
-      }
+      return new MemoryInfo({
+        jsHeapSizeLimit: null, // We don't know the heap size limit from Hermes.
+        totalJSHeapSize,
+        usedJSHeapSize,
+      });
+    } else {
+      // JSC and V8 has no native implementations for memory information in JSI::Instrumentation
+      return new MemoryInfo();
     }
-
-    return new MemoryInfo();
   }
 
   // Startup metrics is not used in web, but only in React Native.
   get rnStartupTiming(): ReactNativeStartupTiming {
-    if (NativePerformance?.getReactNativeStartupTiming) {
-      const {
-        startTime,
-        endTime,
-        initializeRuntimeStart,
-        initializeRuntimeEnd,
-        executeJavaScriptBundleEntryPointStart,
-        executeJavaScriptBundleEntryPointEnd,
-      } = NativePerformance.getReactNativeStartupTiming();
-      return new ReactNativeStartupTiming({
-        startTime,
-        endTime,
-        initializeRuntimeStart,
-        initializeRuntimeEnd,
-        executeJavaScriptBundleEntryPointStart,
-        executeJavaScriptBundleEntryPointEnd,
-      });
-    }
-    return new ReactNativeStartupTiming();
+    const {
+      startTime,
+      endTime,
+      initializeRuntimeStart,
+      initializeRuntimeEnd,
+      executeJavaScriptBundleEntryPointStart,
+      executeJavaScriptBundleEntryPointEnd,
+    } = NativePerformance.getReactNativeStartupTiming();
+    return new ReactNativeStartupTiming({
+      startTime,
+      endTime,
+      initializeRuntimeStart,
+      initializeRuntimeEnd,
+      executeJavaScriptBundleEntryPointStart,
+      executeJavaScriptBundleEntryPointEnd,
+    });
   }
 
   mark(
@@ -217,11 +213,6 @@ export default class Performance {
   }
 
   clearMarks(markName?: string): void {
-    if (!cachedNativeClearMarks) {
-      warnNoNativePerformance();
-      return;
-    }
-
     cachedNativeClearMarks(markName);
   }
 
@@ -414,11 +405,6 @@ export default class Performance {
   }
 
   clearMeasures(measureName?: string): void {
-    if (!cachedNativeClearMeasures) {
-      warnNoNativePerformance();
-      return;
-    }
-
     cachedNativeClearMeasures(measureName);
   }
 
@@ -434,10 +420,6 @@ export default class Performance {
    * https://www.w3.org/TR/performance-timeline/#extensions-to-the-performance-interface
    */
   getEntries(): PerformanceEntryList {
-    if (!NativePerformance?.getEntries) {
-      warnNoNativePerformance();
-      return [];
-    }
     return NativePerformance.getEntries().map(rawToPerformanceEntry);
   }
 
@@ -450,11 +432,6 @@ export default class Performance {
       return [];
     }
 
-    if (!NativePerformance?.getEntriesByType) {
-      warnNoNativePerformance();
-      return [];
-    }
-
     return NativePerformance.getEntriesByType(
       performanceEntryTypeToRaw(entryType),
     ).map(rawToPerformanceEntry);
@@ -472,11 +449,6 @@ export default class Performance {
       return [];
     }
 
-    if (!NativePerformance?.getEntriesByName) {
-      warnNoNativePerformance();
-      return [];
-    }
-
     return NativePerformance.getEntriesByName(
       entryName,
       entryType != null ? performanceEntryTypeToRaw(entryType) : undefined,

packages/react-native/src/private/webapis/performance/PerformanceObserver.js

@@ -21,12 +21,13 @@ import {
   rawToPerformanceEntry,
   rawToPerformanceEntryType,
 } from './internals/RawPerformanceEntry';
-import {warnNoNativePerformance} from './internals/Utilities';
-import NativePerformance from './specs/NativePerformance';
+import MaybeNativePerformance from './specs/NativePerformance';
 import nullthrows from 'nullthrows';
 
 export {PerformanceEntry} from './PerformanceEntry';
 
+const NativePerformance = nullthrows(MaybeNativePerformance);
+
 export class PerformanceObserverEntryList {
   #entries: PerformanceEntryList;
 
@@ -75,13 +76,6 @@ export interface PerformanceObserverInit {
 }
 
 function getSupportedPerformanceEntryTypes(): $ReadOnlyArray<PerformanceEntryType> {
-  if (!NativePerformance) {
-    return Object.freeze([]);
-  }
-  if (!NativePerformance.getSupportedPerformanceEntryTypes) {
-    // fallback if getSupportedPerformanceEntryTypes is not defined on native side
-    return Object.freeze(['mark', 'measure', 'event']);
-  }
   return Object.freeze(
     NativePerformance.getSupportedPerformanceEntryTypes().map(
       rawToPerformanceEntryType,
@@ -120,11 +114,6 @@ export class PerformanceObserver {
   }
 
   observe(options: PerformanceObserverInit): void {
-    if (!NativePerformance || NativePerformance.observe == null) {
-      warnNoNativePerformance();
-      return;
-    }
-
     this.#validateObserveOptions(options);
 
     if (this.#nativeObserverHandle == null) {
@@ -135,12 +124,12 @@ export class PerformanceObserver {
 
     if (options.entryTypes) {
       this.#type = 'multiple';
-      NativePerformance.observe?.(observerHandle, {
+      NativePerformance.observe(observerHandle, {
         entryTypes: options.entryTypes.map(performanceEntryTypeToRaw),
       });
     } else if (options.type) {
       this.#type = 'single';
-      NativePerformance.observe?.(observerHandle, {
+      NativePerformance.observe(observerHandle, {
         type: performanceEntryTypeToRaw(options.type),
         buffered: options.buffered,
         durationThreshold: options.durationThreshold,
@@ -149,12 +138,7 @@ export class PerformanceObserver {
   }
 
   disconnect(): void {
-    if (!NativePerformance) {
-      warnNoNativePerformance();
-      return;
-    }
-
-    if (this.#nativeObserverHandle == null || !NativePerformance.disconnect) {
+    if (this.#nativeObserverHandle == null) {
       return;
     }
 
@@ -162,16 +146,11 @@ export class PerformanceObserver {
   }
 
   #createNativeObserver(): OpaqueNativeObserverHandle | null {
-    if (!NativePerformance || !NativePerformance.createObserver) {
-      warnNoNativePerformance();
-      return null;
-    }
-
     this.#calledAtLeastOnce = false;
 
     const observerHandle: OpaqueNativeObserverHandle =
       NativePerformance.createObserver(() => {
-        const rawEntries = NativePerformance.takeRecords?.(
+        const rawEntries = NativePerformance.takeRecords(
           observerHandle,
           true, // sort records
         );
@@ -185,7 +164,7 @@ export class PerformanceObserver {
         let droppedEntriesCount = 0;
         if (!this.#calledAtLeastOnce) {
           droppedEntriesCount =
-            NativePerformance.getDroppedEntriesCount?.(observerHandle) ?? 0;
+            NativePerformance.getDroppedEntriesCount(observerHandle);
           this.#calledAtLeastOnce = true;
         }
 

packages/react-native/src/private/webapis/performance/__tests__/EventTimingAPI-itest.js

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import '@react-native/fantom/src/setUpDefaultReactNativeEnvironment';
 import type Performance from 'react-native/src/private/webapis/performance/Performance';
 import type {PerformanceObserverEntryList} from 'react-native/src/private/webapis/performance/PerformanceObserver';
 
-import NativePerformance from '../specs/NativePerformance';
+import MaybeNativePerformance from '../specs/NativePerformance';
 import * as Fantom from '@react-native/fantom';
 import nullthrows from 'nullthrows';
 import {useState} from 'react';
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ import setUpPerformanceObserver from 'react-native/src/private/setup/setUpPerfor
 import {PerformanceEventTiming} from 'react-native/src/private/webapis/performance/EventTiming';
 import {PerformanceObserver} from 'react-native/src/private/webapis/performance/PerformanceObserver';
 
+const NativePerformance = nullthrows(MaybeNativePerformance);
+
 setUpPerformanceObserver();
 
 declare var performance: Performance;
@@ -193,7 +195,7 @@ describe('Event Timing API', () => {
   });
 
   it('reports number of dispatched events via performance.eventCounts', () => {
-    NativePerformance?.clearEventCountsForTesting?.();
+    NativePerformance.clearEventCountsForTesting?.();
 
     const root = Fantom.createRoot();
     Fantom.runTask(() => {

packages/react-native/src/private/webapis/performance/__tests__/UserTiming-itest.js

@@ -18,8 +18,11 @@ import type {
 
 import ensureInstance from '../../../__tests__/utilities/ensureInstance';
 import DOMException from '../../errors/DOMException';
-import NativePerformance from '../specs/NativePerformance';
+import MaybeNativePerformance from '../specs/NativePerformance';
 import {PerformanceMark, PerformanceMeasure} from '../UserTiming';
+import nullthrows from 'nullthrows';
+
+const NativePerformance = nullthrows(MaybeNativePerformance);
 
 declare var performance: Performance;
 
@@ -44,7 +47,7 @@ describe('User Timing', () => {
 
   describe('mark', () => {
     it('works with default timestamp', () => {
-      NativePerformance?.setCurrentTimeStampForTesting?.(25);
+      NativePerformance.setCurrentTimeStampForTesting?.(25);
 
       const mark = performance.mark('mark-now');
 
@@ -144,7 +147,7 @@ describe('User Timing', () => {
   describe('measure', () => {
     describe('with measureOptions', () => {
       it('uses 0 as default start and now as default end', () => {
-        NativePerformance?.setCurrentTimeStampForTesting?.(25);
+        NativePerformance.setCurrentTimeStampForTesting?.(25);
 
         const measure = performance.measure('measure-with-defaults', {});
 
@@ -157,7 +160,7 @@ describe('User Timing', () => {
       });
 
       it('works with a start timestamp', () => {
-        NativePerformance?.setCurrentTimeStampForTesting?.(25);
+        NativePerformance.setCurrentTimeStampForTesting?.(25);
 
         const measure = performance.measure('measure-with-start-timestamp', {
           start: 10,
@@ -172,7 +175,7 @@ describe('User Timing', () => {
       });
 
       it('works with start mark', () => {
-        NativePerformance?.setCurrentTimeStampForTesting?.(25);
+        NativePerformance.setCurrentTimeStampForTesting?.(25);
 
         performance.mark('start-mark', {
           startTime: 10,
@@ -191,7 +194,7 @@ describe('User Timing', () => {
       });
 
       it('works with end mark', () => {
-        NativePerformance?.setCurrentTimeStampForTesting?.(25);
+        NativePerformance.setCurrentTimeStampForTesting?.(25);
 
         performance.mark('end-mark', {
           startTime: 50,
@@ -210,7 +213,7 @@ describe('User Timing', () => {
       });
 
       it('works with start mark and end mark', () => {
-        NativePerformance?.setCurrentTimeStampForTesting?.(25);
+        NativePerformance.setCurrentTimeStampForTesting?.(25);
 
         performance.mark('start-mark', {
           startTime: 10,
@@ -375,7 +378,7 @@ describe('User Timing', () => {
 
     describe('with startMark / endMark', () => {
       it('uses 0 as default start and now as default end', () => {
-        NativePerformance?.setCurrentTimeStampForTesting?.(25);
+        NativePerformance.setCurrentTimeStampForTesting?.(25);
 
         const measure = performance.measure('measure-with-defaults');
 
@@ -388,7 +391,7 @@ describe('User Timing', () => {
       });
 
       it('works with startMark', () => {
-        NativePerformance?.setCurrentTimeStampForTesting?.(25);
+        NativePerformance.setCurrentTimeStampForTesting?.(25);
 
         performance.mark('start-mark', {
           startTime: 10,
@@ -408,7 +411,7 @@ describe('User Timing', () => {
       });
 
       it('works with startMark and endMark', () => {
-        NativePerformance?.setCurrentTimeStampForTesting?.(25);
+        NativePerformance.setCurrentTimeStampForTesting?.(25);
 
         performance.mark('start-mark', {
           startTime: 10,

packages/react-native/src/private/webapis/performance/specs/NativePerformance.js

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ export type PerformanceObserverInit = {
 };
 
 export interface Spec extends TurboModule {
-  +now?: () => number;
+  +now: () => number;
   +reportMark?: (name: string, startTime: number, entry: mixed) => void;
   +reportMeasure?: (
     name: string,
@@ -62,36 +62,36 @@ export interface Spec extends TurboModule {
     entry: mixed,
   ) => void;
   +getMarkTime?: (name: string) => ?number;
-  +clearMarks?: (entryName?: string) => void;
-  +clearMeasures?: (entryName?: string) => void;
-  +getEntries?: () => $ReadOnlyArray<RawPerformanceEntry>;
-  +getEntriesByName?: (
+  +clearMarks: (entryName?: string) => void;
+  +clearMeasures: (entryName?: string) => void;
+  +getEntries: () => $ReadOnlyArray<RawPerformanceEntry>;
+  +getEntriesByName: (
     entryName: string,
     entryType?: ?RawPerformanceEntryType,
   ) => $ReadOnlyArray<RawPerformanceEntry>;
-  +getEntriesByType?: (
+  +getEntriesByType: (
     entryType: RawPerformanceEntryType,
   ) => $ReadOnlyArray<RawPerformanceEntry>;
-  +getEventCounts?: () => $ReadOnlyArray<[string, number]>;
+  +getEventCounts: () => $ReadOnlyArray<[string, number]>;
   +getSimpleMemoryInfo: () => NativeMemoryInfo;
   +getReactNativeStartupTiming: () => ReactNativeStartupTiming;
 
-  +createObserver?: (
+  +createObserver: (
     callback: NativeBatchedObserverCallback,
   ) => OpaqueNativeObserverHandle;
-  +getDroppedEntriesCount?: (observer: OpaqueNativeObserverHandle) => number;
+  +getDroppedEntriesCount: (observer: OpaqueNativeObserverHandle) => number;
 
-  +observe?: (
+  +observe: (
     observer: OpaqueNativeObserverHandle,
     options: PerformanceObserverInit,
   ) => void;
-  +disconnect?: (observer: OpaqueNativeObserverHandle) => void;
-  +takeRecords?: (
+  +disconnect: (observer: OpaqueNativeObserverHandle) => void;
+  +takeRecords: (
     observer: OpaqueNativeObserverHandle,
     sort: boolean,
   ) => $ReadOnlyArray<RawPerformanceEntry>;
 
-  +getSupportedPerformanceEntryTypes?: () => $ReadOnlyArray<RawPerformanceEntryType>;
+  +getSupportedPerformanceEntryTypes: () => $ReadOnlyArray<RawPerformanceEntryType>;
 
   +setCurrentTimeStampForTesting?: (timeStamp: number) => void;
   +clearEventCountsForTesting?: () => void;

packages/rn-tester/android/app/src/debug/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
-    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">
-
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW"/>
-
-    <application android:usesCleartextTraffic="true" tools:targetApi="28" tools:ignore="GoogleAppIndexingWarning" />
-</manifest>

packages/rn-tester/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
     </queries>
 
     <application
+        android:usesCleartextTraffic="${usesCleartextTraffic}"
         android:name=".RNTesterApplication"
         android:allowBackup="true"
         android:banner="@drawable/tv_banner"

packages/rn-tester/package.json

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
     "directory": "packages/rn-tester"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   },
   "scripts": {
     "start": "react-native start",

packages/virtualized-lists/package.json

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
   ],
   "bugs": "https://github.com/facebook/react-native/issues",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   },
   "exports": {
     ".": {

private/helloworld/package.json

@@ -33,6 +33,6 @@
     "rxjs": "^7.8.1"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   }
 }

private/react-native-bots/package.json

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
   "private": true,
   "license": "MIT",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@rnx-kit/rn-changelog-generator": "^0.4.0",

private/react-native-codegen-typescript-test/package.json

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
   "description": "TypeScript related unit test for @react-native/codegen",
   "license": "MIT",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 22.14.0"
+    "node": ">= 20.19.4"
   },
   "scripts": {
     "build": "yarn clean && node scripts/build.js --verbose && tsc",

private/react-native-fantom/runner/getFantomTestConfigs.js

@@ -82,6 +82,13 @@ const FANTOM_BENCHMARK_DEFAULT_MODE: FantomTestConfigMode =
 
 const MAX_FANTOM_CONFIGURATION_VARIATIONS = 12;
 
+const VALID_FANTOM_PRAGMAS = [
+  'fantom_mode',
+  'fantom_flags',
+  'fantom_hermes_variant',
+  'fantom_react_fb_flags',
+];
+
 /**
  * Extracts the Fantom configurations from the test file, specified as part of
  * the docblock comment. E.g.:
@@ -118,6 +125,8 @@ export default function getFantomTestConfigs(
   const docblock = extract(testContents);
   const pragmas = parse(docblock) as DocblockPragmas;
 
+  verifyFantomPragmas(pragmas);
+
   const config: FantomTestConfig = {
     mode: DEFAULT_MODE,
     hermesVariant: DEFAULT_HERMES_VARIANT,
@@ -401,3 +410,19 @@ function parseFeatureFlagValue<T: boolean | number | string>(
       throw new Error(`Unsupported feature flag type: ${typeof defaultValue}`);
   }
 }
+
+function verifyFantomPragmas(pragmas: DocblockPragmas): void {
+  for (const pragma of Object.keys(pragmas)) {
+    if (
+      pragma.startsWith('fantom_') &&
+      !VALID_FANTOM_PRAGMAS.includes(pragma)
+    ) {
+      const validFantomPragmas = VALID_FANTOM_PRAGMAS.map(p => `@${p}`).join(
+        ', ',
+      );
+      throw new Error(
+        `Unrecognized Fantom pragma @${pragma}. Valid pragmas are ${validFantomPragmas}.`,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+}