Announce accessibility state changes happening in the background (#26624)

Summary:
Currently the react native framework doesn't handle the accessibility state changes of the focused item that happen not upon double tapping. Screen reader doesn't get notified when the state of the focused item changes in the background.
To fix this problem, post a layout change notification for every state changes on iOS.
On Android, send a click event whenever state "checked", "selected" or "disabled" changes. In the case that such states changes upon user's clicking, the duplicated click event will be skipped by Talkback.

## Changelog:
[General][Fixed] - Announce accessibility state changes happening in the background
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/react-native/pull/26624

Test Plan: Add a nested checkbox example which state changes after a delay in the AccessibilityExample.

Differential Revision: D17903205

Pulled By: cpojer

fbshipit-source-id: 9245ee0b79936cf11b408b52d45c59ba3415b9f9

RNTester/js/examples/Accessibility/AccessibilityExample.js

@@ -13,18 +13,30 @@ const React = require('react');
 const {
   AccessibilityInfo,
   Button,
+  Image,
   Text,
   View,
   TouchableOpacity,
   TouchableWithoutFeedback,
   Alert,
-  UIManager,
-  findNodeHandle,
-  Platform,
+  StyleSheet,
 } = require('react-native');
 
 const RNTesterBlock = require('../../components/RNTesterBlock');
 
+const checkImageSource = require('./check.png');
+const uncheckImageSource = require('./uncheck.png');
+const mixedCheckboxImageSource = require('./mixed.png');
+
+const styles = StyleSheet.create({
+  image: {
+    width: 20,
+    height: 20,
+    resizeMode: 'contain',
+    marginRight: 10,
+  },
+});
+
 class AccessibilityExample extends React.Component {
   render() {
     return (
@@ -161,13 +173,6 @@ class CheckboxExample extends React.Component {
     this.setState({
       checkboxState: checkboxState,
     });
-
-    if (Platform.OS === 'android') {
-      UIManager.sendAccessibilityEvent(
-        findNodeHandle(this),
-        UIManager.AccessibilityEventTypes.typeViewClicked,
-      );
-    }
   };
 
   render() {
@@ -195,13 +200,6 @@ class SwitchExample extends React.Component {
     this.setState({
       switchState: switchState,
     });
-
-    if (Platform.OS === 'android') {
-      UIManager.sendAccessibilityEvent(
-        findNodeHandle(this),
-        UIManager.AccessibilityEventTypes.typeViewClicked,
-      );
-    }
   };
 
   render() {
@@ -252,13 +250,6 @@ class SelectionExample extends React.Component {
                 isSelected: !this.state.isSelected,
               });
             }
-
-            if (Platform.OS === 'android') {
-              UIManager.sendAccessibilityEvent(
-                findNodeHandle(this.selectableElement.current),
-                UIManager.AccessibilityEventTypes.typeViewClicked,
-              );
-            }
           }}
           accessibilityLabel="element 19"
           accessibilityState={{
@@ -292,13 +283,6 @@ class ExpandableElementExample extends React.Component {
     this.setState({
       expandState: expandState,
     });
-
-    if (Platform.OS === 'android') {
-      UIManager.sendAccessibilityEvent(
-        findNodeHandle(this),
-        UIManager.AccessibilityEventTypes.typeViewClicked,
-      );
-    }
   };
 
   render() {
@@ -314,6 +298,114 @@ class ExpandableElementExample extends React.Component {
   }
 }
 
+class NestedCheckBox extends React.Component {
+  state = {
+    checkbox1: false,
+    checkbox2: false,
+    checkbox3: false,
+  };
+
+  _onPress1 = () => {
+    let checkbox1 = false;
+    if (this.state.checkbox1 === false) {
+      checkbox1 = true;
+    } else if (this.state.checkbox1 === 'mixed') {
+      checkbox1 = false;
+    } else {
+      checkbox1 = false;
+    }
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      this.setState({
+        checkbox1: checkbox1,
+        checkbox2: checkbox1,
+        checkbox3: checkbox1,
+      });
+    }, 2000);
+  };
+
+  _onPress2 = () => {
+    const checkbox2 = !this.state.checkbox2;
+
+    this.setState({
+      checkbox2: checkbox2,
+      checkbox1:
+        checkbox2 && this.state.checkbox3
+          ? true
+          : checkbox2 || this.state.checkbox3
+          ? 'mixed'
+          : false,
+    });
+  };
+
+  _onPress3 = () => {
+    const checkbox3 = !this.state.checkbox3;
+
+    this.setState({
+      checkbox3: checkbox3,
+      checkbox1:
+        this.state.checkbox2 && checkbox3
+          ? true
+          : this.state.checkbox2 || checkbox3
+          ? 'mixed'
+          : false,
+    });
+  };
+
+  render() {
+    return (
+      <View>
+        <TouchableOpacity
+          style={{flex: 1, flexDirection: 'row'}}
+          onPress={this._onPress1}
+          accessibilityLabel="Meat"
+          accessibilityHint="State changes in 2 seconds after clicking."
+          accessibilityRole="checkbox"
+          accessibilityState={{checked: this.state.checkbox1}}>
+          <Image
+            style={styles.image}
+            source={
+              this.state.checkbox1 === 'mixed'
+                ? mixedCheckboxImageSource
+                : this.state.checkbox1
+                ? checkImageSource
+                : uncheckImageSource
+            }
+          />
+          <Text>Meat</Text>
+        </TouchableOpacity>
+        <TouchableOpacity
+          style={{flex: 1, flexDirection: 'row'}}
+          onPress={this._onPress2}
+          accessibilityLabel="Beef"
+          accessibilityRole="checkbox"
+          accessibilityState={{checked: this.state.checkbox2}}>
+          <Image
+            style={styles.image}
+            source={
+              this.state.checkbox2 ? checkImageSource : uncheckImageSource
+            }
+          />
+          <Text>Beef</Text>
+        </TouchableOpacity>
+        <TouchableOpacity
+          style={{flex: 1, flexDirection: 'row'}}
+          onPress={this._onPress3}
+          accessibilityLabel="Bacon"
+          accessibilityRole="checkbox"
+          accessibilityState={{checked: this.state.checkbox3}}>
+          <Image
+            style={styles.image}
+            source={
+              this.state.checkbox3 ? checkImageSource : uncheckImageSource
+            }
+          />
+          <Text>Bacon</Text>
+        </TouchableOpacity>
+      </View>
+    );
+  }
+}
+
 class AccessibilityRoleAndStateExample extends React.Component<{}> {
   render() {
     return (
@@ -412,6 +504,9 @@ class AccessibilityRoleAndStateExample extends React.Component<{}> {
         </View>
         <ExpandableElementExample />
         <SelectionExample />
+        <RNTesterBlock title="Nested checkbox with delayed state change">
+          <NestedCheckBox />
+        </RNTesterBlock>
       </View>
     );
   }

React/Views/RCTViewManager.m

@@ -206,9 +206,13 @@ RCT_CUSTOM_VIEW_PROPERTY(accessibilityState, NSDictionary, RCTView)
   }
   if (newState.count > 0) {
     view.reactAccessibilityElement.accessibilityState = newState;
+    // Post a layout change notification to make sure VoiceOver get notified for the state
+    // changes that don't happen upon users' click.
+    UIAccessibilityPostNotification(UIAccessibilityLayoutChangedNotification, nil);
   } else {
     view.reactAccessibilityElement.accessibilityState = nil;
   }
+
 }
 
 RCT_CUSTOM_VIEW_PROPERTY(nativeID, NSString *, RCTView)

ReactAndroid/src/main/java/com/facebook/react/uimanager/BaseViewManager.java

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import android.graphics.Color;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.view.View;
 import android.view.ViewParent;
+import android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityEvent;
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat;
@@ -170,6 +171,13 @@ public abstract class BaseViewManager<T extends View, C extends LayoutShadowNode
               && accessibilityState.getType(STATE_CHECKED) == ReadableType.String)) {
         updateViewContentDescription(view);
         break;
+      } else if (view.isAccessibilityFocused()) {
+        // Internally Talkback ONLY uses TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED for "checked" and
+        // "selected" announcements. Send a click event to make sure Talkback
+        // get notified for the state changes that don't happen upon users' click.
+        // For the state changes that happens immediately, Talkback will skip
+        // the duplicated click event.
+        view.sendAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED);
       }
     }
   }