Cache .git to improve checkout time (#33845)

Summary:
Caching the .git to speed up the checkout.

https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/caching/#source-caching

<img width="1429" alt="Screenshot 2022-05-17 at 11 11 54" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/17830956/168787771-5501b113-674e-4d43-b93f-90bf46882c14.png">

This doesn't work on the machines that use a docker executor

<img width="1426" alt="Screenshot 2022-05-17 at 12 17 14" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/17830956/168789017-538a6d04-c53d-4ac7-ba12-0eccff397675.png">

## Changelog

<!-- Help reviewers and the release process by writing your own changelog entry. For an example, see:
https://github.com/facebook/react-native/wiki/Changelog
-->

[Infrastructure] - Cache .git to improve checkout time

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/react-native/pull/33845

Test Plan: Run the change on Circle

Reviewed By: hramos, cortinico

Differential Revision: D36443844

Pulled By: f-meloni

fbshipit-source-id: 7b07e177f4527ed5956f03ad622838f20ad64950

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ references:
 
   cache_keys:
     buck_cache_key: &buck_cache_key v3-buck-v2019.01.10.01-{{ checksum "scripts/circleci/buck_fetch.sh" }}}
+    checkout_cache_key: &checkout_cache_key v1-checkout
     gems_cache_key: &gems_cache_key v1-gems-{{ checksum "Gemfile.lock" }}
     gradle_cache_key: &gradle_cache_key v1-gradle-{{ checksum "gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties" }}-{{ checksum "ReactAndroid/gradle.properties" }}
     hermes_cache_key: &hermes_cache_key v1-hermes-{{ .Environment.CIRCLE_JOB }}-{{ checksum "/tmp/hermes/hermesversion" }}
@@ -102,6 +103,23 @@ executors:
 #        COMMANDS
 # -------------------------
 commands:
+  # Checkout with cache, on machines that are using Docker the cache is ignored
+  checkout_code_with_cache:
+    parameters:
+      checkout_base_cache_key:
+        default: *checkout_cache_key
+        type: string
+    steps:
+      - restore_cache:
+            keys:
+              - << parameters.checkout_base_cache_key >>-{{ .Branch }}-{{ .Revision }}
+              - << parameters.checkout_base_cache_key >>-{{ .Branch }}-
+              - << parameters.checkout_base_cache_key >>
+      - checkout
+      - save_cache:
+          key: << parameters.checkout_base_cache_key >>-{{ .Branch }}-{{ .Revision }}
+          paths:
+            - ".git"
 
   setup_artifacts:
     steps:
@@ -419,7 +437,7 @@ jobs:
     environment:
       - REPORTS_DIR: "./reports/junit"
     steps:
-      - checkout
+      - checkout_code_with_cache
       - setup_artifacts
       - setup_ruby
       - run:
@@ -657,7 +675,7 @@ jobs:
       - PROJECT_NAME: "iOSTemplateProject"
 
     steps:
-      - checkout
+      - checkout_code_with_cache
       - run_yarn
       - attach_workspace:
           at: .
@@ -687,7 +705,7 @@ jobs:
   test_ios_rntester:
     executor: reactnativeios
     steps:
-      - checkout
+      - checkout_code_with_cache
       - run_yarn
 
       # The macOS machine can run out of storage if Hermes is enabled and built from source.
@@ -742,7 +760,7 @@ jobs:
       - ANDROID_TOOLS_VERSION: 31.0.0
       - GRADLE_OPTS: -Dorg.gradle.daemon=false
     steps:
-      - checkout
+      - checkout_code_with_cache
 
       - run:
           name: Install Node
@@ -933,7 +951,7 @@ jobs:
     environment:
       - HERMES_WS_DIR: *hermes_workspace_root
     steps:
-      - checkout
+      - checkout_code_with_cache
       - *attach_hermes_workspace
       - restore_cache:
           key: *hermes_cache_key
@@ -1057,7 +1075,7 @@ jobs:
         default: false
     executor: reactnativeios
     steps:
-      - checkout
+      - checkout_code_with_cache
       - run_yarn
       - add_ssh_keys:
           fingerprints: