feat(7481): Operator to ensure an expression is contextually typed by, and satisfies, some type (#46827)

* feat(7481): add explicit type compatibility check with 'satisfies' expression

* Add failing test for lack of intersectioned contextual type

* Implement the behavior

* Add test corresponding to the 'if'

* Add test based on defined scenarios

* remove isExpression in favor of using type casting

* move tests from compiler to conformance folder

* update baseline

* add missing contextFlags argument

* use asserted type

* accept baseline

Co-authored-by: Ryan Cavanaugh <ryanca@microsoft.com>

src/compiler/types.ts

@@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ namespace ts {
         RequireKeyword,
         NumberKeyword,
         ObjectKeyword,
+        SatisfiesKeyword,
         SetKeyword,
         StringKeyword,
         SymbolKeyword,
@@ -274,6 +275,7 @@ namespace ts {
         NonNullExpression,
         MetaProperty,
         SyntheticExpression,
+        SatisfiesExpression,
 
         // Misc
         TemplateSpan,
@@ -607,6 +609,7 @@ namespace ts {
         | SyntaxKind.OverrideKeyword
         | SyntaxKind.RequireKeyword
         | SyntaxKind.ReturnKeyword
+        | SyntaxKind.SatisfiesKeyword
         | SyntaxKind.SetKeyword
         | SyntaxKind.StaticKeyword
         | SyntaxKind.StringKeyword
@@ -1007,6 +1010,7 @@ namespace ts {
         | ExpressionWithTypeArguments
         | AsExpression
         | NonNullExpression
+        | SatisfiesExpression
         | MetaProperty
         | TemplateSpan
         | Block
@@ -2815,6 +2819,12 @@ namespace ts {
         readonly expression: UnaryExpression;
     }
 
+    export interface SatisfiesExpression extends Expression {
+        readonly kind: SyntaxKind.SatisfiesExpression;
+        readonly expression: Expression;
+        readonly type: TypeNode;
+    }
+
     export type AssertionExpression =
         | TypeAssertion
         | AsExpression
@@ -7520,6 +7530,7 @@ namespace ts {
     export type OuterExpression =
         | ParenthesizedExpression
         | TypeAssertion
+        | SatisfiesExpression
         | AsExpression
         | NonNullExpression
         | PartiallyEmittedExpression;
@@ -7856,6 +7867,8 @@ namespace ts {
         updateNonNullChain(node: NonNullChain, expression: Expression): NonNullChain;
         createMetaProperty(keywordToken: MetaProperty["keywordToken"], name: Identifier): MetaProperty;
         updateMetaProperty(node: MetaProperty, name: Identifier): MetaProperty;
+        createSatisfiesExpression(expression: Expression, type: TypeNode): SatisfiesExpression;
+        updateSatisfiesExpression(node: SatisfiesExpression, expression: Expression, type: TypeNode): SatisfiesExpression;
 
         //
         // Misc