Security: Improve overall security in a few ways (#12501)

- Make sure we're always using regex with timeouts for user controlled data
- Adds rate limiting to the token endpoint (configurable)
- Signs the classifier pickle file with the SECRET_KEY and refuse to load one which doesn't verify.
- Require the user to set a secret key, instead of falling back to our old hard coded one

Dockerfile

@@ -237,8 +237,8 @@ RUN set -eux \
   && echo "Adjusting all permissions" \
     && chown --from root:root --changes --recursive paperless:paperless /usr/src/paperless \
   && echo "Collecting static files" \
-    && s6-setuidgid paperless python3 manage.py collectstatic --clear --no-input --link \
+    && PAPERLESS_SECRET_KEY=build-time-dummy s6-setuidgid paperless python3 manage.py collectstatic --clear --no-input --link \
-    && s6-setuidgid paperless python3 manage.py compilemessages \
+    && PAPERLESS_SECRET_KEY=build-time-dummy s6-setuidgid paperless python3 manage.py compilemessages \
     && /usr/local/bin/deduplicate.py --verbose /usr/src/paperless/static/
 
 VOLUME ["/usr/src/paperless/data", \

docker/compose/docker-compose.env

@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@
 # (if doing so please consider security measures such as reverse proxy)
 #PAPERLESS_URL=https://paperless.example.com
 
-# Adjust this key if you plan to make paperless available publicly. It should
+# Required. A unique secret key for session tokens and signing.
-# be a very long sequence of random characters. You don't need to remember it.
+# Generate with: python3 -c "import secrets; print(secrets.token_urlsafe(64))"
-#PAPERLESS_SECRET_KEY=change-me
+PAPERLESS_SECRET_KEY=change-me
 
 # Use this variable to set a timezone for the Paperless Docker containers. Defaults to UTC.
 #PAPERLESS_TIME_ZONE=America/Los_Angeles

docs/configuration.md

@@ -402,6 +402,12 @@ Defaults to `/usr/share/nltk_data`
 
 : This is where paperless will store the classification model.
 
+    !!! warning
+
+        The classification model uses Python's pickle serialization format.
+        Ensure this file is only writable by the paperless user, as a
+        maliciously crafted model file could execute arbitrary code when loaded.
+
     Defaults to `PAPERLESS_DATA_DIR/classification_model.pickle`.
 
 ## Logging
@@ -422,14 +428,20 @@ Defaults to `/usr/share/nltk_data`
 
 #### [`PAPERLESS_SECRET_KEY=<key>`](#PAPERLESS_SECRET_KEY) {#PAPERLESS_SECRET_KEY}
 
-: Paperless uses this to make session tokens. If you expose paperless
+: **Required.** Paperless uses this to make session tokens and sign
-on the internet, you need to change this, since the default secret
+sensitive data. Paperless will refuse to start if this is not set.
-is well known.
 
     Use any sequence of characters. The more, the better. You don't
-    need to remember this. Just face-roll your keyboard.
+    need to remember this. You can generate a suitable key with:
 
-    Default is listed in the file `src/paperless/settings.py`.
+        python3 -c "import secrets; print(secrets.token_urlsafe(64))"
+
+    !!! warning
+
+        This setting has no default value. You **must** set it before
+        starting Paperless. Existing installations that relied on the
+        previous default value should set `PAPERLESS_SECRET_KEY` to
+        that value to avoid invalidating existing sessions and tokens.
 
 #### [`PAPERLESS_URL=<url>`](#PAPERLESS_URL) {#PAPERLESS_URL}
 
@@ -770,6 +782,14 @@ If both the [PAPERLESS_ACCOUNT_DEFAULT_GROUPS](#PAPERLESS_ACCOUNT_DEFAULT_GROUPS
 
     Defaults to 1209600 (2 weeks)
 
+#### [`PAPERLESS_TOKEN_THROTTLE_RATE=<rate>`](#PAPERLESS_TOKEN_THROTTLE_RATE) {#PAPERLESS_TOKEN_THROTTLE_RATE}
+
+: Rate limit for the API token authentication endpoint (`/api/token/`), used to mitigate brute-force login attempts.
+Uses Django REST Framework's [throttle rate format](https://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/throttling/#setting-the-throttling-policy),
+e.g. `5/min`, `100/hour`, `1000/day`.
+
+    Defaults to `5/min`
+
 ## OCR settings {#ocr}
 
 Paperless uses [OCRmyPDF](https://ocrmypdf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)

paperless.conf.example

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@
 
 # Security and hosting
 
-#PAPERLESS_SECRET_KEY=change-me
+# Required. Generate with: python3 -c "import secrets; print(secrets.token_urlsafe(64))"
+PAPERLESS_SECRET_KEY=change-me
 #PAPERLESS_URL=https://example.com
 #PAPERLESS_CSRF_TRUSTED_ORIGINS=https://example.com # can be set using PAPERLESS_URL
 #PAPERLESS_ALLOWED_HOSTS=example.com,www.example.com # can be set using PAPERLESS_URL

pyproject.toml

@@ -315,9 +315,12 @@ markers = [
 ]
 
 [tool.pytest_env]
+PAPERLESS_SECRET_KEY = "test-secret-key-do-not-use-in-production"
 PAPERLESS_DISABLE_DBHANDLER = "true"
 PAPERLESS_CACHE_BACKEND = "django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache"
 PAPERLESS_CHANNELS_BACKEND = "channels.layers.InMemoryChannelLayer"
+# I don't think anything hits this, but just in case, basically infinite
+PAPERLESS_TOKEN_THROTTLE_RATE = "1000/min"
 
 [tool.coverage.report]
 exclude_also = [

src/documents/barcodes.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
+import regex as regex_mod
 from django.conf import settings
 from pdf2image import convert_from_path
 from pikepdf import Page
@@ -22,6 +23,8 @@ from documents.plugins.base import ConsumeTaskPlugin
 from documents.plugins.base import StopConsumeTaskError
 from documents.plugins.helpers import ProgressManager
 from documents.plugins.helpers import ProgressStatusOptions
+from documents.regex import safe_regex_match
+from documents.regex import safe_regex_sub
 from documents.utils import copy_basic_file_stats
 from documents.utils import copy_file_with_basic_stats
 from documents.utils import maybe_override_pixel_limit
@@ -68,8 +71,8 @@ class Barcode:
         Note: This does NOT exclude ASN or separator barcodes - they can also be used
         as tags if they match a tag mapping pattern (e.g., {"ASN12.*": "JOHN"}).
         """
-        for regex in self.settings.barcode_tag_mapping:
+        for pattern in self.settings.barcode_tag_mapping:
-            if re.match(regex, self.value, flags=re.IGNORECASE):
+            if safe_regex_match(pattern, self.value, flags=regex_mod.IGNORECASE):
                 return True
         return False
 
@@ -392,11 +395,16 @@ class BarcodePlugin(ConsumeTaskPlugin):
             for raw in tag_texts.split(","):
                 try:
                     tag_str: str | None = None
-                    for regex in self.settings.barcode_tag_mapping:
+                    for pattern in self.settings.barcode_tag_mapping:
-                        if re.match(regex, raw, flags=re.IGNORECASE):
+                        if safe_regex_match(pattern, raw, flags=regex_mod.IGNORECASE):
-                            sub = self.settings.barcode_tag_mapping[regex]
+                            sub = self.settings.barcode_tag_mapping[pattern]
                             tag_str = (
-                                re.sub(regex, sub, raw, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
+                                safe_regex_sub(
+                                    pattern,
+                                    sub,
+                                    raw,
+                                    flags=regex_mod.IGNORECASE,
+                                )
                                 if sub
                                 else raw
                             )

src/documents/classifier.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import hmac
 import logging
 import pickle
 import re
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ def load_classifier(*, raise_exception: bool = False) -> DocumentClassifier | No
             "Unrecoverable error while loading document "
             "classification model, deleting model file.",
         )
-        Path(settings.MODEL_FILE).unlink
+        Path(settings.MODEL_FILE).unlink()
         classifier = None
         if raise_exception:
             raise e
@@ -97,7 +98,10 @@ class DocumentClassifier:
     # v7 - Updated scikit-learn package version
     # v8 - Added storage path classifier
     # v9 - Changed from hashing to time/ids for re-train check
-    FORMAT_VERSION = 9
+    # v10 - HMAC-signed model file
+    FORMAT_VERSION = 10
+
+    HMAC_SIZE = 32  # SHA-256 digest length
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         # last time a document changed and therefore training might be required
@@ -128,67 +132,89 @@ class DocumentClassifier:
             pickle.dumps(self.data_vectorizer),
         ).hexdigest()
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _compute_hmac(data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        return hmac.new(
+            settings.SECRET_KEY.encode(),
+            data,
+            sha256,
+        ).digest()
+
     def load(self) -> None:
         from sklearn.exceptions import InconsistentVersionWarning
 
+        raw = Path(settings.MODEL_FILE).read_bytes()
+
+        if len(raw) <= self.HMAC_SIZE:
+            raise ClassifierModelCorruptError
+
+        signature = raw[: self.HMAC_SIZE]
+        data = raw[self.HMAC_SIZE :]
+
+        if not hmac.compare_digest(signature, self._compute_hmac(data)):
+            raise ClassifierModelCorruptError
+
         # Catch warnings for processing
         with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
-            with Path(settings.MODEL_FILE).open("rb") as f:
+            try:
-                schema_version = pickle.load(f)
+                (
+                    schema_version,
+                    self.last_doc_change_time,
+                    self.last_auto_type_hash,
+                    self.data_vectorizer,
+                    self.tags_binarizer,
+                    self.tags_classifier,
+                    self.correspondent_classifier,
+                    self.document_type_classifier,
+                    self.storage_path_classifier,
+                ) = pickle.loads(data)
+            except Exception as err:
+                raise ClassifierModelCorruptError from err
 
-                if schema_version != self.FORMAT_VERSION:
+        if schema_version != self.FORMAT_VERSION:
-                    raise IncompatibleClassifierVersionError(
+            raise IncompatibleClassifierVersionError(
-                        "Cannot load classifier, incompatible versions.",
+                "Cannot load classifier, incompatible versions.",
-                    )
-                else:
-                    try:
-                        self.last_doc_change_time = pickle.load(f)
-                        self.last_auto_type_hash = pickle.load(f)
-
-                        self.data_vectorizer = pickle.load(f)
-                        self._update_data_vectorizer_hash()
-                        self.tags_binarizer = pickle.load(f)
-
-                        self.tags_classifier = pickle.load(f)
-                        self.correspondent_classifier = pickle.load(f)
-                        self.document_type_classifier = pickle.load(f)
-                        self.storage_path_classifier = pickle.load(f)
-                    except Exception as err:
-                        raise ClassifierModelCorruptError from err
-
-            # Check for the warning about unpickling from differing versions
-            # and consider it incompatible
-            sk_learn_warning_url = (
-                "https://scikit-learn.org/stable/"
-                "model_persistence.html"
-                "#security-maintainability-limitations"
             )
-            for warning in w:
+
-                # The warning is inconsistent, the MLPClassifier is a specific warning, others have not updated yet
+        self._update_data_vectorizer_hash()
-                if issubclass(warning.category, InconsistentVersionWarning) or (
+
-                    issubclass(warning.category, UserWarning)
+        # Check for the warning about unpickling from differing versions
-                    and sk_learn_warning_url in str(warning.message)
+        # and consider it incompatible
-                ):
+        sk_learn_warning_url = (
-                    raise IncompatibleClassifierVersionError("sklearn version update")
+            "https://scikit-learn.org/stable/"
+            "model_persistence.html"
+            "#security-maintainability-limitations"
+        )
+        for warning in w:
+            # The warning is inconsistent, the MLPClassifier is a specific warning, others have not updated yet
+            if issubclass(warning.category, InconsistentVersionWarning) or (
+                issubclass(warning.category, UserWarning)
+                and sk_learn_warning_url in str(warning.message)
+            ):
+                raise IncompatibleClassifierVersionError("sklearn version update")
 
     def save(self) -> None:
         target_file: Path = settings.MODEL_FILE
         target_file_temp: Path = target_file.with_suffix(".pickle.part")
 
+        data = pickle.dumps(
+            (
+                self.FORMAT_VERSION,
+                self.last_doc_change_time,
+                self.last_auto_type_hash,
+                self.data_vectorizer,
+                self.tags_binarizer,
+                self.tags_classifier,
+                self.correspondent_classifier,
+                self.document_type_classifier,
+                self.storage_path_classifier,
+            ),
+        )
+
+        signature = self._compute_hmac(data)
+
         with target_file_temp.open("wb") as f:
-            pickle.dump(self.FORMAT_VERSION, f)
+            f.write(signature + data)
-
-            pickle.dump(self.last_doc_change_time, f)
-            pickle.dump(self.last_auto_type_hash, f)
-
-            pickle.dump(self.data_vectorizer, f)
-
-            pickle.dump(self.tags_binarizer, f)
-            pickle.dump(self.tags_classifier, f)
-
-            pickle.dump(self.correspondent_classifier, f)
-            pickle.dump(self.document_type_classifier, f)
-            pickle.dump(self.storage_path_classifier, f)
 
         target_file_temp.rename(target_file)
 

src/documents/plugins/date_parsing/regex_parser.py

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import datetime
-import re
 from collections.abc import Iterator
-from re import Match
+
+import regex
+from regex import Match
 
 from documents.plugins.date_parsing.base import DateParserPluginBase
+from documents.regex import safe_regex_finditer
 
 
 class RegexDateParserPlugin(DateParserPluginBase):
@@ -14,7 +16,7 @@ class RegexDateParserPlugin(DateParserPluginBase):
     passed to its constructor.
     """
 
-    DATE_REGEX = re.compile(
+    DATE_REGEX = regex.compile(
         r"(\b|(?!=([_-])))(\d{1,2})[\.\/-](\d{1,2})[\.\/-](\d{4}|\d{2})(\b|(?=([_-])))|"
         r"(\b|(?!=([_-])))(\d{4}|\d{2})[\.\/-](\d{1,2})[\.\/-](\d{1,2})(\b|(?=([_-])))|"
         r"(\b|(?!=([_-])))(\d{1,2}[\. ]+[a-zéûäëčžúřěáíóńźçŞğü]{3,9} \d{4}|[a-zéûäëčžúřěáíóńźçŞğü]{3,9} \d{1,2}, \d{4})(\b|(?=([_-])))|"
@@ -22,7 +24,7 @@ class RegexDateParserPlugin(DateParserPluginBase):
         r"(\b|(?!=([_-])))([^\W\d_]{3,9} \d{4})(\b|(?=([_-])))|"
         r"(\b|(?!=([_-])))(\d{1,2}[^ 0-9]{2}[\. ]+[^ ]{3,9}[ \.\/-]\d{4})(\b|(?=([_-])))|"
         r"(\b|(?!=([_-])))(\b\d{1,2}[ \.\/-][a-zéûäëčžúřěáíóńźçŞğü]{3}[ \.\/-]\d{4})(\b|(?=([_-])))",
-        re.IGNORECASE,
+        regex.IGNORECASE,
     )
 
     def _process_match(
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ class RegexDateParserPlugin(DateParserPluginBase):
         """
         Finds all regex matches in content and yields valid dates.
         """
-        for m in re.finditer(self.DATE_REGEX, content):
+        for m in safe_regex_finditer(self.DATE_REGEX, content):
             date = self._process_match(m, date_order)
             if date is not None:
                 yield date

src/documents/regex.py

@@ -48,3 +48,73 @@ def safe_regex_search(pattern: str, text: str, *, flags: int = 0):
             textwrap.shorten(pattern, width=80, placeholder="…"),
         )
         return None
+
+
+def safe_regex_match(pattern: str, text: str, *, flags: int = 0):
+    """
+    Run a regex match with a timeout. Returns a match object or None.
+    Validation errors and timeouts are logged and treated as no match.
+    """
+
+    try:
+        validate_regex_pattern(pattern)
+        compiled = regex.compile(pattern, flags=flags)
+    except (regex.error, ValueError) as exc:
+        logger.error(
+            "Error while processing regular expression %s: %s",
+            textwrap.shorten(pattern, width=80, placeholder="…"),
+            exc,
+        )
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        return compiled.match(text, timeout=REGEX_TIMEOUT_SECONDS)
+    except TimeoutError:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Regular expression matching timed out for pattern %s",
+            textwrap.shorten(pattern, width=80, placeholder="…"),
+        )
+        return None
+
+
+def safe_regex_sub(pattern: str, repl: str, text: str, *, flags: int = 0) -> str | None:
+    """
+    Run a regex substitution with a timeout. Returns the substituted string,
+    or None on error/timeout.
+    """
+
+    try:
+        validate_regex_pattern(pattern)
+        compiled = regex.compile(pattern, flags=flags)
+    except (regex.error, ValueError) as exc:
+        logger.error(
+            "Error while processing regular expression %s: %s",
+            textwrap.shorten(pattern, width=80, placeholder="…"),
+            exc,
+        )
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        return compiled.sub(repl, text, timeout=REGEX_TIMEOUT_SECONDS)
+    except TimeoutError:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Regular expression substitution timed out for pattern %s",
+            textwrap.shorten(pattern, width=80, placeholder="…"),
+        )
+        return None
+
+
+def safe_regex_finditer(compiled_pattern: regex.Pattern, text: str):
+    """
+    Run regex finditer with a timeout. Yields match objects.
+    Stops iteration on timeout.
+    """
+
+    try:
+        yield from compiled_pattern.finditer(text, timeout=REGEX_TIMEOUT_SECONDS)
+    except TimeoutError:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Regular expression finditer timed out for pattern %s",
+            textwrap.shorten(compiled_pattern.pattern, width=80, placeholder="…"),
+        )
+        return

src/documents/tests/test_classifier.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import re
-import shutil
+import warnings
 from pathlib import Path
 from unittest import mock
 
@@ -366,8 +366,7 @@ class TestClassifier(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
 
         self.assertCountEqual(new_classifier.predict_tags(self.doc2.content), [45, 12])
 
-    @mock.patch("documents.classifier.pickle.load")
+    def test_load_corrupt_file(self) -> None:
-    def test_load_corrupt_file(self, patched_pickle_load: mock.MagicMock) -> None:
         """
         GIVEN:
             - Corrupted classifier pickle file
@@ -378,36 +377,116 @@ class TestClassifier(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
         """
         self.generate_train_and_save()
 
-        # First load is the schema version,allow it
+        # Write garbage data (valid HMAC length but invalid content)
-        patched_pickle_load.side_effect = [DocumentClassifier.FORMAT_VERSION, OSError()]
+        Path(settings.MODEL_FILE).write_bytes(b"\x00" * 64)
 
         with self.assertRaises(ClassifierModelCorruptError):
             self.classifier.load()
-            patched_pickle_load.assert_called()
-
-        patched_pickle_load.reset_mock()
-        patched_pickle_load.side_effect = [
-            DocumentClassifier.FORMAT_VERSION,
-            ClassifierModelCorruptError(),
-        ]
 
         self.assertIsNone(load_classifier())
-        patched_pickle_load.assert_called()
+
+    def test_load_corrupt_pickle_valid_hmac(self) -> None:
+        """
+        GIVEN:
+            - A classifier file with valid HMAC but unparsable pickle data
+        WHEN:
+            - An attempt is made to load the classifier
+        THEN:
+            - The ClassifierModelCorruptError is raised
+        """
+        garbage_data = b"this is not valid pickle data"
+        signature = DocumentClassifier._compute_hmac(garbage_data)
+        Path(settings.MODEL_FILE).write_bytes(signature + garbage_data)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ClassifierModelCorruptError):
+            self.classifier.load()
+
+    def test_load_tampered_file(self) -> None:
+        """
+        GIVEN:
+            - A classifier model file whose data has been modified
+        WHEN:
+            - An attempt is made to load the classifier
+        THEN:
+            - The ClassifierModelCorruptError is raised due to HMAC mismatch
+        """
+        self.generate_train_and_save()
+
+        raw = Path(settings.MODEL_FILE).read_bytes()
+        # Flip a byte in the data portion (after the 32-byte HMAC)
+        tampered = raw[:32] + bytes([raw[32] ^ 0xFF]) + raw[33:]
+        Path(settings.MODEL_FILE).write_bytes(tampered)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ClassifierModelCorruptError):
+            self.classifier.load()
+
+    def test_load_wrong_secret_key(self) -> None:
+        """
+        GIVEN:
+            - A classifier model file signed with a different SECRET_KEY
+        WHEN:
+            - An attempt is made to load the classifier
+        THEN:
+            - The ClassifierModelCorruptError is raised due to HMAC mismatch
+        """
+        self.generate_train_and_save()
+
+        with override_settings(SECRET_KEY="different-secret-key"):
+            with self.assertRaises(ClassifierModelCorruptError):
+                self.classifier.load()
+
+    def test_load_truncated_file(self) -> None:
+        """
+        GIVEN:
+            - A classifier model file that is too short to contain an HMAC
+        WHEN:
+            - An attempt is made to load the classifier
+        THEN:
+            - The ClassifierModelCorruptError is raised
+        """
+        Path(settings.MODEL_FILE).write_bytes(b"\x00" * 16)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ClassifierModelCorruptError):
+            self.classifier.load()
 
     def test_load_new_scikit_learn_version(self) -> None:
         """
         GIVEN:
-            - classifier pickle file created with a different scikit-learn version
+            - classifier pickle file triggers an InconsistentVersionWarning
         WHEN:
             - An attempt is made to load the classifier
         THEN:
-            - The classifier reports the warning was captured and processed
+            - IncompatibleClassifierVersionError is raised
         """
-        # TODO: This wasn't testing the warning anymore, as the schema changed
+        from sklearn.exceptions import InconsistentVersionWarning
-        # but as it was implemented, it would require installing an old version
+
-        # rebuilding the file and committing that.  Not developer friendly
+        self.generate_train_and_save()
-        # Need to rethink how to pass the load through to a file with a single
+
-        # old model?
+        fake_warning = warnings.WarningMessage(
+            message=InconsistentVersionWarning(
+                estimator_name="MLPClassifier",
+                current_sklearn_version="1.0",
+                original_sklearn_version="0.9",
+            ),
+            category=InconsistentVersionWarning,
+            filename="",
+            lineno=0,
+        )
+
+        real_catch_warnings = warnings.catch_warnings
+
+        class PatchedCatchWarnings(real_catch_warnings):
+            def __enter__(self):
+                w = super().__enter__()
+                w.append(fake_warning)
+                return w
+
+        with mock.patch(
+            "documents.classifier.warnings.catch_warnings",
+            PatchedCatchWarnings,
+        ):
+            with self.assertRaises(IncompatibleClassifierVersionError):
+                self.classifier.load()
 
     def test_one_correspondent_predict(self) -> None:
         c1 = Correspondent.objects.create(
@@ -685,17 +764,6 @@ class TestClassifier(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
         self.assertIsNone(load_classifier())
         self.assertTrue(Path(settings.MODEL_FILE).exists())
 
-    def test_load_old_classifier_version(self) -> None:
-        shutil.copy(
-            Path(__file__).parent / "data" / "v1.17.4.model.pickle",
-            self.dirs.scratch_dir,
-        )
-        with override_settings(
-            MODEL_FILE=self.dirs.scratch_dir / "v1.17.4.model.pickle",
-        ):
-            classifier = load_classifier()
-            self.assertIsNone(classifier)
-
     @mock.patch("documents.classifier.DocumentClassifier.load")
     def test_load_classifier_raise_exception(self, mock_load) -> None:
         Path(settings.MODEL_FILE).touch()

src/documents/tests/test_regex.py

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+import pytest
+import regex
+from pytest_mock import MockerFixture
+
+from documents.regex import safe_regex_finditer
+from documents.regex import safe_regex_match
+from documents.regex import safe_regex_search
+from documents.regex import safe_regex_sub
+from documents.regex import validate_regex_pattern
+
+
+class TestValidateRegexPattern:
+    def test_valid_pattern(self):
+        validate_regex_pattern(r"\d+")
+
+    def test_invalid_pattern_raises(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            validate_regex_pattern(r"[invalid")
+
+
+class TestSafeRegexSearchAndMatch:
+    """Tests for safe_regex_search and safe_regex_match (same contract)."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("func", "pattern", "text", "expected_group"),
+        [
+            pytest.param(
+                safe_regex_search,
+                r"\d+",
+                "abc123def",
+                "123",
+                id="search-match-found",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                safe_regex_match,
+                r"\d+",
+                "123abc",
+                "123",
+                id="match-match-found",
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_match_found(self, func, pattern, text, expected_group):
+        result = func(pattern, text)
+        assert result is not None
+        assert result.group() == expected_group
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("func", "pattern", "text"),
+        [
+            pytest.param(safe_regex_search, r"\d+", "abcdef", id="search-no-match"),
+            pytest.param(safe_regex_match, r"\d+", "abc123", id="match-no-match"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_no_match(self, func, pattern, text):
+        assert func(pattern, text) is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "func",
+        [
+            pytest.param(safe_regex_search, id="search"),
+            pytest.param(safe_regex_match, id="match"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_invalid_pattern_returns_none(self, func):
+        assert func(r"[invalid", "test") is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "func",
+        [
+            pytest.param(safe_regex_search, id="search"),
+            pytest.param(safe_regex_match, id="match"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_flags_respected(self, func):
+        assert func(r"abc", "ABC", flags=regex.IGNORECASE) is not None
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("func", "method_name"),
+        [
+            pytest.param(safe_regex_search, "search", id="search"),
+            pytest.param(safe_regex_match, "match", id="match"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_timeout_returns_none(self, func, method_name, mocker: MockerFixture):
+        mock_compile = mocker.patch("documents.regex.regex.compile")
+        getattr(mock_compile.return_value, method_name).side_effect = TimeoutError
+        assert func(r"\d+", "test") is None
+
+
+class TestSafeRegexSub:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("pattern", "repl", "text", "expected"),
+        [
+            pytest.param(r"\d+", "NUM", "abc123def456", "abcNUMdefNUM", id="basic-sub"),
+            pytest.param(r"\d+", "NUM", "abcdef", "abcdef", id="no-match"),
+            pytest.param(r"abc", "X", "ABC", "X", id="flags"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_substitution(self, pattern, repl, text, expected):
+        flags = regex.IGNORECASE if pattern == r"abc" else 0
+        result = safe_regex_sub(pattern, repl, text, flags=flags)
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_invalid_pattern_returns_none(self):
+        assert safe_regex_sub(r"[invalid", "x", "test") is None
+
+    def test_timeout_returns_none(self, mocker: MockerFixture):
+        mock_compile = mocker.patch("documents.regex.regex.compile")
+        mock_compile.return_value.sub.side_effect = TimeoutError
+        assert safe_regex_sub(r"\d+", "X", "test") is None
+
+
+class TestSafeRegexFinditer:
+    def test_yields_matches(self):
+        pattern = regex.compile(r"\d+")
+        matches = list(safe_regex_finditer(pattern, "a1b22c333"))
+        assert [m.group() for m in matches] == ["1", "22", "333"]
+
+    def test_no_matches(self):
+        pattern = regex.compile(r"\d+")
+        assert list(safe_regex_finditer(pattern, "abcdef")) == []
+
+    def test_timeout_stops_iteration(self, mocker: MockerFixture):
+        mock_pattern = mocker.MagicMock()
+        mock_pattern.finditer.side_effect = TimeoutError
+        mock_pattern.pattern = r"\d+"
+        assert list(safe_regex_finditer(mock_pattern, "test")) == []

src/paperless/settings/__init__.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from typing import Final
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 from compression_middleware.middleware import CompressionMiddleware
+from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
 
@@ -161,6 +162,9 @@ REST_FRAMEWORK = {
     "ALLOWED_VERSIONS": ["9", "10"],
     # DRF Spectacular default schema
     "DEFAULT_SCHEMA_CLASS": "drf_spectacular.openapi.AutoSchema",
+    "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES": {
+        "login": os.getenv("PAPERLESS_TOKEN_THROTTLE_RATE", "5/min"),
+    },
 }
 
 if DEBUG:
@@ -460,13 +464,13 @@ SECURE_PROXY_SSL_HEADER = (
     else None
 )
 
-# The secret key has a default that should be fine so long as you're hosting
+SECRET_KEY = os.getenv("PAPERLESS_SECRET_KEY", "")
-# Paperless on a closed network.  However, if you're putting this anywhere
+if not SECRET_KEY:  # pragma: no cover
-# public, you should change the key to something unique and verbose.
+    raise ImproperlyConfigured(
-SECRET_KEY = os.getenv(
+        "PAPERLESS_SECRET_KEY is not set. "
-    "PAPERLESS_SECRET_KEY",
+        "A unique, secret key is required for secure operation. "
-    "e11fl1oa-*ytql8p)(06fbj4ukrlo+n7k&q5+$1md7i+mge=ee",
+        'Generate one with: python3 -c "import secrets; print(secrets.token_urlsafe(64))"',
-)
+    )
 
 AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
     {

src/paperless/views.py

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
 from rest_framework.permissions import DjangoModelPermissions
 from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
 from rest_framework.response import Response
+from rest_framework.throttling import ScopedRateThrottle
 from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
 
 from documents.permissions import PaperlessObjectPermissions
@@ -51,6 +52,8 @@ from paperless_ai.indexing import vector_store_file_exists
 
 class PaperlessObtainAuthTokenView(ObtainAuthToken):
     serializer_class = PaperlessAuthTokenSerializer
+    throttle_classes = [ScopedRateThrottle]
+    throttle_scope = "login"
 
 
 class StandardPagination(PageNumberPagination):