import Foundation
import SourceKittenFramework

/// An executable value that can identify issues (violations) in Swift source code.
public protocol Rule {
    /// The rule's description type.
    associatedtype Description: Documentable

    /// The type of the configuration used to configure this rule.
    associatedtype ConfigurationType: RuleConfiguration

    /// A verbose description of many of this rule's properties.
    static var description: RuleDescription { get }

    /// A description of how this rule has been configured to run. It can be built using the annotated result builder.
    @RuleConfigurationDescriptionBuilder
    var configurationDescription: Description { get }

    /// This rule's configuration.
    var configuration: ConfigurationType { get set }

    /// Whether this rule should be used on empty files. Defaults to `false`.
    var shouldLintEmptyFiles: Bool { get }

    /// A default initializer for rules. All rules need to be trivially initializable.
    init()

    /// Creates a rule by applying its configuration.
    ///
    /// - parameter configuration: The untyped configuration value to apply.
    ///
    /// - throws: Throws if the configuration didn't match the expected format.
    init(configuration: Any) throws

    /// Executes the rule on a file and returns any violations to the rule's expectations.
    ///
    /// - parameter file:              The file for which to execute the rule.
    /// - parameter compilerArguments: The compiler arguments needed to compile this file.
    ///
    /// - returns: All style violations to the rule's expectations.
    func validate(file: SwiftLintFile, compilerArguments: [String]) -> [StyleViolation]

    /// Executes the rule on a file and returns any violations to the rule's expectations.
    ///
    /// - parameter file: The file for which to execute the rule.
    ///
    /// - returns: All style violations to the rule's expectations.
    func validate(file: SwiftLintFile) -> [StyleViolation]

    /// Whether or not the specified rule is equivalent to the current rule.
    ///
    /// - parameter rule: The `rule` value to compare against.
    ///
    /// - returns: Whether or not the specified rule is equivalent to the current rule.
    func isEqualTo(_ rule: any Rule) -> Bool

    /// Collects information for the specified file in a storage object, to be analyzed by a `CollectedLinter`.
    ///
    /// - note: This function is called by the linter and is always implemented in extensions.
    ///
    /// - parameter file:              The file for which to collect info.
    /// - parameter storage:           The storage object where collected info should be saved.
    /// - parameter compilerArguments: The compiler arguments needed to compile this file.
    func collectInfo(for file: SwiftLintFile, into storage: RuleStorage, compilerArguments: [String])

    /// Executes the rule on a file after collecting file info for all files and returns any violations to the rule's
    /// expectations.
    ///
    /// - note: This function is called by the linter and is always implemented in extensions.
    ///
    /// - parameter file:              The file for which to execute the rule.
    /// - parameter storage:           The storage object containing all collected info.
    /// - parameter compilerArguments: The compiler arguments needed to compile this file.
    ///
    /// - returns: All style violations to the rule's expectations.
    func validate(file: SwiftLintFile, using storage: RuleStorage, compilerArguments: [String]) -> [StyleViolation]
}

public extension Rule {
    var shouldLintEmptyFiles: Bool {
        false
    }

    init(configuration: Any) throws {
        self.init()
        try self.configuration.apply(configuration: configuration)
    }

    func validate(file: SwiftLintFile, using storage: RuleStorage,
                  compilerArguments: [String]) -> [StyleViolation] {
        return validate(file: file, compilerArguments: compilerArguments)
    }

    func validate(file: SwiftLintFile, compilerArguments: [String]) -> [StyleViolation] {
        return validate(file: file)
    }

    func isEqualTo(_ rule: any Rule) -> Bool {
        if let rule = rule as? Self {
            return configuration == rule.configuration
        }
        return false
    }

    func collectInfo(for file: SwiftLintFile, into storage: RuleStorage, compilerArguments: [String]) {
        // no-op: only CollectingRules mutate their storage
    }

    /// The cache description which will be used to determine if a previous
    /// cached value is still valid given the new cache value.
    var cacheDescription: String {
        (self as? any CacheDescriptionProvider)?.cacheDescription ?? configurationDescription.oneLiner()
    }

    var configurationDescription: some Documentable {
        RuleConfigurationDescription.from(configuration: configuration)
    }
}

public extension Rule {
    /// The rule's unique identifier which is the same as `Rule.description.identifier`.
    static var identifier: String { description.identifier }
}

/// A rule that is not enabled by default. Rules conforming to this need to be explicitly enabled by users.
public protocol OptInRule: Rule {}

/// A rule that can correct violations.
public protocol CorrectableRule: Rule {
    /// Attempts to correct the violations to this rule in the specified file.
    ///
    /// - parameter file:              The file for which to correct violations.
    /// - parameter compilerArguments: The compiler arguments needed to compile this file.
    ///
    /// - returns: All corrections that were applied.
    func correct(file: SwiftLintFile, compilerArguments: [String]) -> [Correction]

    /// Attempts to correct the violations to this rule in the specified file.
    ///
    /// - parameter file: The file for which to correct violations.
    ///
    /// - returns: All corrections that were applied.
    func correct(file: SwiftLintFile) -> [Correction]

    /// Attempts to correct the violations to this rule in the specified file after collecting file info for all files
    /// and returns all corrections that were applied.
    ///
    /// - note: This function is called by the linter and is always implemented in extensions.
    ///
    /// - parameter file:              The file for which to execute the rule.
    /// - parameter storage:           The storage object containing all collected info.
    /// - parameter compilerArguments: The compiler arguments needed to compile this file.
    ///
    /// - returns: All corrections that were applied.
    func correct(file: SwiftLintFile, using storage: RuleStorage, compilerArguments: [String]) -> [Correction]
}

public extension CorrectableRule {
    func correct(file: SwiftLintFile, compilerArguments: [String]) -> [Correction] {
        return correct(file: file)
    }
    func correct(file: SwiftLintFile, using storage: RuleStorage, compilerArguments: [String]) -> [Correction] {
        return correct(file: file, compilerArguments: compilerArguments)
    }
}

/// A correctable rule that can apply its corrections by replacing the content of ranges in the offending file with
/// updated content.
public protocol SubstitutionCorrectableRule: CorrectableRule {
    /// Returns the NSString-based `NSRange`s to be replaced in the specified file.
    ///
    /// - parameter file: The file in which to find ranges of violations for this rule.
    ///
    /// - returns: The NSString-based `NSRange`s to be replaced in the specified file.
    func violationRanges(in file: SwiftLintFile) -> [NSRange]

    /// Returns the substitution to apply for the given range.
    ///
    /// - parameter violationRange: The NSString-based `NSRange` of the violation that should be replaced.
    /// - parameter file:           The file in which the violation should be replaced.
    ///
    /// - returns: The range of the correction and its contents, if one could be computed.
    func substitution(for violationRange: NSRange, in file: SwiftLintFile) -> (NSRange, String)?
}

public extension SubstitutionCorrectableRule {
    func correct(file: SwiftLintFile) -> [Correction] {
        let violatingRanges = file.ruleEnabled(violatingRanges: violationRanges(in: file), for: self)
        guard violatingRanges.isNotEmpty else { return [] }

        let description = Self.description
        var corrections = [Correction]()
        var contents = file.contents
        for range in violatingRanges.sorted(by: { $0.location > $1.location }) {
            let contentsNSString = contents.bridge()
            if let (rangeToRemove, substitution) = self.substitution(for: range, in: file) {
                contents = contentsNSString.replacingCharacters(in: rangeToRemove, with: substitution)
                let location = Location(file: file, characterOffset: range.location)
                corrections.append(Correction(ruleDescription: description, location: location))
            }
        }

        file.write(contents)
        return corrections
    }
}

/// A rule that does not need SourceKit to operate and can still operate even after SourceKit has crashed.
public protocol SourceKitFreeRule: Rule {}

/// A rule that can operate on the post-typechecked AST using compiler arguments. Performs rules that are more like
/// static analysis than syntactic checks.
public protocol AnalyzerRule: OptInRule {}

public extension AnalyzerRule {
    func validate(file: SwiftLintFile) -> [StyleViolation] {
        queuedFatalError("Must call `validate(file:compilerArguments:)` for AnalyzerRule")
    }
}

/// :nodoc:
public extension AnalyzerRule where Self: CorrectableRule {
    func correct(file: SwiftLintFile) -> [Correction] {
        queuedFatalError("Must call `correct(file:compilerArguments:)` for AnalyzerRule")
    }
}