SWCompression/Sources/EncodingHuffmanTree.swift

// Copyright (c) 2017 Timofey Solomko
// Licensed under MIT License
//
// See LICENSE for license information

import Foundation

class EncodingHuffmanTree {

    private var bitWriter: BitWriter
    private let symbolNotFoundError: Error

    private var codingIndices: [[Int]]

    init(bootstrap: [(symbol: Int, codeLength: Int)], throw symbolNotFoundError: Error, _ bitWriter: BitWriter) {
        self.bitWriter = bitWriter
        self.symbolNotFoundError = symbolNotFoundError
        // Fills the 'lengths' array with pairs of (symbol, codeLength) from a 'bootstrap'.
        var lengths: [[Int]] = []
        var start = bootstrap[0].symbol
        var bits = bootstrap[0].codeLength
        for pair in bootstrap[1..<bootstrap.count] {
            let finish = pair.symbol
            let endbits = pair.codeLength
            if bits > 0 {
                for i in start..<finish {
                    lengths.append([i, bits])
                }
            }
            start = finish
            bits = endbits
        }
        // Sort the lengths' array to calculate symbols correctly.
        lengths.sort { (left: [Int], right: [Int]) -> Bool in
            if left[1] == right[1] {
                return left[0] < right[0]
            } else {
                return left[1] < right[1]
            }
        }

        func reverse(bits: Int, in symbol: Int) -> Int {
            // Auxiliarly function, which generates reversed order of bits in a number.
            var a = 1 << 0
            var b = 1 << (bits - 1)
            var z = 0
            for i in stride(from: bits - 1, to: -1, by: -2) {
                z |= (symbol >> i) & a
                z |= (symbol << i) & b
                a <<= 1
                b >>= 1
            }
            return z
        }

        self.codingIndices = Array(repeating: [-1, -1], count: lengths.count)

        // Calculates symbols for each length in 'lengths' array and put them in the tree.
        var loopBits = -1
        var symbol = -1
        for length in lengths {
            symbol += 1
            // We sometimes need to make symbol to have length.bits bit length.
            let bits = length[1]
            if bits != loopBits {
                symbol <<= (bits - loopBits)
                loopBits = bits
            }
            // Then we need to reverse bit order of the symbol.
            let treeCode = reverse(bits: loopBits, in: symbol)
            self.codingIndices[length[0]] = [treeCode, bits]
        }
    }

    convenience init(lengthsToOrder: [Int], throw symbolNotFoundError: Error, _ bitWriter: BitWriter) {
        var addedLengths = lengthsToOrder
        addedLengths.append(-1)
        let lengthsCount = addedLengths.count
        let range = Array(0...lengthsCount)
        self.init(bootstrap: Array(zip(range, addedLengths)), throw: symbolNotFoundError, bitWriter)
    }

    func code(symbol: Int) throws {
        guard symbol < self.codingIndices.count
            else { throw self.symbolNotFoundError }

        let codingIndex = self.codingIndices[symbol]

        guard codingIndex[0] > -1
            else { throw self.symbolNotFoundError }

        var treeCode = codingIndex[0]
        let bits = codingIndex[1]

        for _ in 0..<bits {
            let bit = treeCode & 1
            self.bitWriter.write(bit: bit == 0 ? 0 : 1)
            treeCode >>= 1
        }
    }
    
}