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<title>Visualizzare Dati | React</title>
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<a href="/react/docs/clone-with-props.html">Cloning Elements</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/create-fragment.html">Keyed Fragments</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/update.html">Immutability Helpers</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/pure-render-mixin.html">PureRenderMixin</a>
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</ul>
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<h3>Reference</h3>
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<ul>
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<a href="/react/docs/top-level-api.html">Top-Level API</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/component-specs.html">Component Specs and Lifecycle</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/tags-and-attributes.html">Supported Tags and Attributes</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/events.html">Event System</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/dom-differences.html">DOM Differences</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/special-non-dom-attributes.html">Special Non-DOM Attributes</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/reconciliation.html">Reconciliation</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/webcomponents.html">Web Components</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/glossary.html">React (Virtual) DOM Terminology</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="nav-docs-section">
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<h3>Flux</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<a href="https://facebook.github.io/flux/docs/overview.html" class="external">Flux Overview</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="https://facebook.github.io/flux/docs/todo-list.html" class="external">Flux TodoMVC Tutorial</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<!-- Tips Nav -->
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<div class="nav-docs-section">
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<h3>Tips</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/introduction.html">Introduction</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/inline-styles.html">Inline Styles</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/if-else-in-JSX.html">If-Else in JSX</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/self-closing-tag.html">Self-Closing Tag</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/maximum-number-of-jsx-root-nodes.html">Maximum Number of JSX Root Nodes</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/style-props-value-px.html">Shorthand for Specifying Pixel Values in style props</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/children-props-type.html">Type of the Children props</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/controlled-input-null-value.html">Value of null for Controlled Input</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/componentWillReceiveProps-not-triggered-after-mounting.html">componentWillReceiveProps Not Triggered After Mounting</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/props-in-getInitialState-as-anti-pattern.html">Props in getInitialState Is an Anti-Pattern</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/dom-event-listeners.html">DOM Event Listeners in a Component</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/initial-ajax.html">Load Initial Data via AJAX</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/false-in-jsx.html">False in JSX</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/communicate-between-components.html">Communicate Between Components</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/expose-component-functions.html">Expose Component Functions</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/children-undefined.html">this.props.children undefined</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/use-react-with-other-libraries.html">Use React with Other Libraries</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/dangerously-set-inner-html.html">Dangerously Set innerHTML</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="inner-content">
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<h1>
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Visualizzare Dati
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<a class="edit-page-link" href="https://github.com/facebook/react/tree/master/docs/docs/02-displaying-data.it-IT.md" target="_blank">Edit on GitHub</a>
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</h1>
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<div class="subHeader"></div>
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<p>L'attività più basilare che puoi effettuare con una UI è mostrare dei dati. React rende visualizzare dati semplice e mantiene automaticamente l'interfaccia aggiornata quando i dati cambiano.</p>
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<h2><a class="anchor" name="per-cominciare"></a>Per Cominciare <a class="hash-link" href="#per-cominciare">#</a></h2>
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<p>Diamo un'occhiata ad un esempio davvero semplice. Creiamo un file dal nome <code>hello-react.html</code> con il codice seguente:</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="cp"><!DOCTYPE html></span>
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<span class="nt"><html></span>
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<span class="nt"><head></span>
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<span class="nt"><meta</span> <span class="na">charset=</span><span class="s">"UTF-8"</span> <span class="nt">/></span>
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<span class="nt"><title></span>Hello React<span class="nt"></title></span>
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<span class="nt"><script </span><span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">"https://fb.me/react-0.14.8.js"</span><span class="nt">></script></span>
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<span class="nt"><script </span><span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">"https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/babel-core/5.8.23/browser.min.js"</span><span class="nt">></script></span>
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<span class="nt"></head></span>
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<span class="nt"><body></span>
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<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"example"</span><span class="nt">></div></span>
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<span class="nt"><script </span><span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text/babel"</span><span class="nt">></span>
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<span class="c1">// ** Il tuo codice va qui! **</span>
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<span class="nt"></script></span>
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<span class="nt"></body></span>
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<span class="nt"></html></span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>Nel resto della documentazione, ci concentreremo soltanto sul codice JavaScript e assumeremo che sia inserito in un modello come quello qui sopra. Sostituisci il commento segnaposto qui sopra con il seguente codice JSX:</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">HelloWorld</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createClass</span><span class="p">({</span>
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<span class="nx">render</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span>
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<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="o">></span>
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<span class="nx">Ciao</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"text"</span> <span class="nx">placeholder</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Scrivi il tuo nome"</span> <span class="o">/>!</span>
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<span class="err">È</span> <span class="nx">il</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">date</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">toTimeString</span><span class="p">()}</span>
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<span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/p></span>
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<span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="p">});</span>
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<span class="nx">setInterval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span>
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<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">HelloWorld</span> <span class="nx">date</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="k">new</span> <span class="nb">Date</span><span class="p">()}</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'example'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="p">},</span> <span class="mi">500</span><span class="p">);</span>
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</code></pre></div><h2><a class="anchor" name="aggiornamenti-reattivi"></a>Aggiornamenti Reattivi <a class="hash-link" href="#aggiornamenti-reattivi">#</a></h2>
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<p>Apri <code>hello-react.html</code> in un browser web e scrivi il tuo nome nel campo di testo. Osserva che React cambia soltanto la stringa di testo dell'ora nella UI — ogni input che inserisci nel campo di testo rimane, anche se non hai scritto alcun codice che gestisce questo comportamento. React lo capisce da solo al tuo posto e fa la cosa giusta.</p>
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<p>La maniera in cui siamo in grado di capirlo è che React non manipola il DOM a meno che non sia necessario. <strong>Utilizza un DOM interno fittizio e veloce per effettuare confronti ed effettuare le mutazioni del DOM più efficienti al tuo posto.</strong></p>
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<p>Gli input di questo componente sono chiamati <code>props</code> — breve per "properties". Sono passati come attributi nella sintassi JSX. Puoi pensare ad essi come immutabili nel contesto del componente, ovvero, <strong>non assegnare mai <code>this.props</code></strong>.</p>
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<h2><a class="anchor" name="i-componenti-sono-come-funzioni"></a>I Componenti Sono Come Funzioni <a class="hash-link" href="#i-componenti-sono-come-funzioni">#</a></h2>
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<p>I componenti React sono molto semplici. Puoi immaginarli come semplici funzioni che ricevono in ingresso <code>props</code> e <code>state</code> (discusso in seguito) e rendono HTML. Fatta questa premessa, i componenti sono molto semplici da descrivere.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Nota:</p>
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<p><strong>Una limitazione</strong>: i componenti React possono rendere soltanto un singolo nodo radice. Se desideri restituire nodi multipli, essi <em>devono</em> essere avvolti in un singolo nodo radice.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h2><a class="anchor" name="sintassi-jsx"></a>Sintassi JSX <a class="hash-link" href="#sintassi-jsx">#</a></h2>
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<p>Crediamo fermamente che i componenti sono la maniera corretta di separare i concetti anziché i "modelli" e la "logica di presentazione." Pensiamo che il markup e il codice che lo genera siano intimamente collegati. Inoltre, la logica di presentazione è solitamente molto complessa e usare un linguaggio di modello per esprimerla risulta dispendioso.</p>
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<p>Abbiamo scoperto che la migliore soluzione a questo problema è generare HTML e un albero di componenti direttamente dal codice JavaScript in maniera da poter utilizzare tutta la potenza espressiva di un vero linguaggio di programmazione per costruire UI.</p>
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<p>Per rendere il compito più facile, abbiamo aggiunto una semplice e <strong>opzionale</strong> sintassi simile all'HTML per creare questi nodi di albero React.</p>
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<p><strong>JSX ti permette di creare oggetti JavaScript usando una sintassi HTML.</strong> Per generare un collegamento in React usando puro JavaScript puoi scrivere:</p>
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<p><code>React.createElement('a', {href: 'https://facebook.github.io/react/'}, 'Ciao!')</code></p>
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<p>Con JSX ciò diventa:</p>
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<p><code><a href="https://facebook.github.io/react/">Ciao!</a></code></p>
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<p>Abbiamo scoperto che questo ha reso la costruzione di applicazioni React più semplice e i designer tendono a preferire la sintassi, ma ciascuno ha un diverso flusso di lavoro, quindi <strong>JSX non è richiesto per utilizzare React.</strong></p>
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<p>JSX è di dimensioni contenute. Per maggiori informazioni, consulta <a href="/react/docs/jsx-in-depth-it-IT.html">JSX in profondità</a>. Oppure osserva la trasformazione in tempo reale sulla <a href="https://babeljs.io/repl/">REPL di Babel</a>.</p>
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<p>JSX è simile all'HTML, ma non proprio identico. Consulta la guida <a href="/react/docs/jsx-gotchas-it-IT.html">JSX gotchas</a> per alcune differenze fondamentali.</p>
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<p><a href="http://babeljs.io/docs/setup/">Babel offre una varietà di strumenti per cominciare a usare JSX</a>, dagli strumenti a riga di comando alle integrazioni in Ruby on Rails. Scegli lo strumento che funziona meglio per te.</p>
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<h2><a class="anchor" name="react-senza-jsx"></a>React senza JSX <a class="hash-link" href="#react-senza-jsx">#</a></h2>
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<p>JSX è completamente opzionale; non è necessario utilizzare JSX con React. Puoi creare elementi React in puro JavaScript usando <code>React.createElement</code>, che richiede un nome di tag o di componente, un oggetto di proprietà e un numero variabile di argomenti che rappresentano nodi figli opzionali.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">child1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createElement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'li'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Primo Contenuto di Testo'</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">child2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createElement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'li'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Secondo Contenuto di Testo'</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createElement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ul'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">className</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'my-list'</span> <span class="p">},</span> <span class="nx">child1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">child2</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">root</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'example'</span><span class="p">));</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>Per comodità, puoi creare funzioni factory scorciatoia per costruire elementi da componenti personalizzati.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">Factory</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createFactory</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">ComponentClass</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="p">...</span>
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<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">Factory</span><span class="p">({</span> <span class="nx">custom</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'prop'</span> <span class="p">});</span>
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|
<span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">root</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'example'</span><span class="p">));</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>React possiede già delle factory predefinite per i tag HTML comuni:</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">DOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ul</span><span class="p">({</span> <span class="nx">className</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'my-list'</span> <span class="p">},</span>
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<span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">DOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">li</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Contenuto di Testo'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="p">);</span>
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|
</code></pre></div>
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