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Dan Abramov
614 lines
26 KiB
HTML
614 lines
26 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
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<title>入门教程 | React</title>
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<meta property="og:title" content="入门教程 | React">
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React
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<!-- Docs Nav -->
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<a href="/react/docs/getting-started.html">Getting Started</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/tutorial.html">Tutorial</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/thinking-in-react.html">Thinking in React</a>
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<a href="https://github.com/facebook/react/wiki/Complementary-Tools" class="external">Complementary Tools</a>
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<a href="https://github.com/facebook/react/wiki/Examples" class="external">Examples</a>
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<h3>Guides</h3>
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<ul>
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<a href="/react/docs/why-react.html">Why React?</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/displaying-data.html">Displaying Data</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/jsx-in-depth.html">JSX in Depth</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/jsx-spread.html">JSX Spread Attributes</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/jsx-gotchas.html">JSX Gotchas</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/interactivity-and-dynamic-uis.html">Interactivity and Dynamic UIs</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/multiple-components.html">Multiple Components</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/transferring-props.html">Transferring Props</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/forms.html">Forms</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/working-with-the-browser.html">Working With the Browser</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/more-about-refs.html">Refs to Components</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/tooling-integration.html">Tooling Integration</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/language-tooling.html">Language Tooling</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/package-management.html">Package Management</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/environments.html">Server-side Environments</a>
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</ul>
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<a href="/react/docs/addons.html">Add-Ons</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/animation.html">Animation</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/two-way-binding-helpers.html">Two-Way Binding Helpers</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/test-utils.html">Test Utilities</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/clone-with-props.html">Cloning Elements</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/create-fragment.html">Keyed Fragments</a>
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<a href="/react/docs/update.html">Immutability Helpers</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/pure-render-mixin.html">PureRenderMixin</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/perf.html">Performance Tools</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/shallow-compare.html">Shallow Compare</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/advanced-performance.html">Advanced Performance</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/context.html">Context</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="nav-docs-section">
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<h3>Reference</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/top-level-api.html">Top-Level API</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/component-api.html">Component API</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/component-specs.html">Component Specs and Lifecycle</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/tags-and-attributes.html">Supported Tags and Attributes</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/events.html">Event System</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/dom-differences.html">DOM Differences</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/special-non-dom-attributes.html">Special Non-DOM Attributes</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/reconciliation.html">Reconciliation</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/webcomponents.html">Web Components</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/docs/glossary.html">React (Virtual) DOM Terminology</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<!-- Tips Nav -->
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<div class="nav-docs-section">
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<h3>Tips</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/introduction.html">Introduction</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/inline-styles.html">Inline Styles</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/if-else-in-JSX.html">If-Else in JSX</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/self-closing-tag.html">Self-Closing Tag</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/maximum-number-of-jsx-root-nodes.html">Maximum Number of JSX Root Nodes</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/style-props-value-px.html">Shorthand for Specifying Pixel Values in style props</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/children-props-type.html">Type of the Children props</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/controlled-input-null-value.html">Value of null for Controlled Input</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/componentWillReceiveProps-not-triggered-after-mounting.html">componentWillReceiveProps Not Triggered After Mounting</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/props-in-getInitialState-as-anti-pattern.html">Props in getInitialState Is an Anti-Pattern</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/dom-event-listeners.html">DOM Event Listeners in a Component</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/initial-ajax.html">Load Initial Data via AJAX</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/false-in-jsx.html">False in JSX</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/communicate-between-components.html">Communicate Between Components</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/expose-component-functions.html">Expose Component Functions</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/children-undefined.html">this.props.children undefined</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/use-react-with-other-libraries.html">Use React with Other Libraries</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/dangerously-set-inner-html.html">Dangerously Set innerHTML</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<!-- Contributing Nav -->
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<div class="nav-docs-section">
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<h3>Contributing</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/contributing/how-to-contribute.html">How to Contribute</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/contributing/codebase-overview.html">Codebase Overview</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/contributing/design-principles.html">Design Principles</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="inner-content">
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<a class="edit-page-link" href="https://github.com/facebook/react/tree/master/docs/docs/getting-started.zh-CN.md" target="_blank">Edit on GitHub</a>
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<h1>
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入门教程
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</h1>
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<div class="subHeader"></div>
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<h2><a class="anchor" name="jsfiddle"></a>JSFiddle <a class="hash-link" href="#jsfiddle">#</a></h2>
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<p>开始 Hack React 的最简单的方法是用下面 JSFiddle 的Hello Worlds：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong><a href="https://jsfiddle.net/reactjs/69z2wepo/">React JSFiddle</a></strong></li>
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<li><a href="https://jsfiddle.net/reactjs/5vjqabv3/">React JSFiddle without JSX</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h2><a class="anchor" name="通过-npm-使用-react"></a>通过 npm 使用 React <a class="hash-link" href="#通过-npm-使用-react">#</a></h2>
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<p>我们建议在 React 中使用 CommonJS 模块系统，比如 <a href="http://browserify.org/">browserify</a> 或 <a href="https://webpack.github.io/">webpack</a>。使用 <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/react"><code>react</code></a> 和 <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/react-dom"><code>react-dom</code></a> npm 包.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="c1">// main.js</span>
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<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">React</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'react'</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">ReactDOM</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'react-dom'</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span>
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<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">h1</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">Hello</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">world</span><span class="o">!<</span><span class="err">/h1>,</span>
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<span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'example'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="p">);</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>要用 browserify 安装 React DOM 和构建你的包。</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span class="nv">$ </span>npm install --save react react-dom babelify babel-preset-react
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<span class="nv">$ </span>browserify -t <span class="o">[</span> babelify --presets <span class="o">[</span> react <span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">]</span> main.js -o bundle.js
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>要用 webpack 安装 React DOM 和构建你的包: </p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span class="nv">$ </span>npm install --save react react-dom babel-preset-react
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<span class="nv">$ </span>webpack
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</code></pre></div>
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<blockquote>
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<p>注意:</p>
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<p>如果你正在使用 ES2015, 你将要使用 <code>babel-preset-es2015</code> 包.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p><strong>注意:</strong> 默认情况下，React 将会在开发模式，很缓慢，不建议用于生产。要在生产模式下使用 React，设置环境变量 <code>NODE_ENV</code> 为 <code>production</code> （使用 envify 或者 webpack's DefinePlugin）。例如：</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">webpack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">DefinePlugin</span><span class="p">({</span>
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<span class="s2">"process.env"</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nx">NODE_ENV</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">JSON</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stringify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"production"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="p">});</span>
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</code></pre></div><h2><a class="anchor" name="不用-npm-的快速开始"></a>不用 npm 的快速开始 <a class="hash-link" href="#不用-npm-的快速开始">#</a></h2>
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<p>如果你现在还没准备要使用npm,你可以下载这个已经包含了预构建的 React 和 React DOM 拷贝的入门套件. </p>
|
||
|
||
<div class="buttons-unit downloads">
|
||
<a href="/react/downloads/react-15.3.2.zip" class="button">
|
||
下载入门套件 15.3.2
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<p>在入门教程包的根目录，创建一个含有如下代码的 <code>helloworld.html</code>。</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="cp"><!DOCTYPE html></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"><html></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"><head></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"><meta</span> <span class="na">charset=</span><span class="s">"UTF-8"</span> <span class="nt">/></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"><title></span>Hello React!<span class="nt"></title></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"><script </span><span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">"build/react.js"</span><span class="nt">></script></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"><script </span><span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">"build/react-dom.js"</span><span class="nt">></script></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"><script </span><span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">"https://unpkg.com/babel-core@5.8.38/browser.min.js"</span><span class="nt">></script></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"></head></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"><body></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"example"</span><span class="nt">></div></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"><script </span><span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text/babel"</span><span class="nt">></span>
|
||
<span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">h1</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">Hello</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">world</span><span class="o">!<</span><span class="err">/h1>,</span>
|
||
<span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'example'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="nt"></script></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"></body></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"></html></span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>在 JavaScript 代码里写着 XML 格式的代码称为 JSX；可以去 <a href="/react/docs/jsx-in-depth.html">JSX 语法</a> 里学习更多 JSX 相关的知识。为了把 JSX 转成标准的 JavaScript，我们用 <code><script type="text/babel"></code> 标签，并引入 Babel 来完成在浏览器里的代码转换。在浏览器里打开这个html，你应该可以看到成功的消息！</p>
|
||
<h3><a class="anchor" name="分离文件"></a>分离文件 <a class="hash-link" href="#分离文件">#</a></h3>
|
||
<p>你的 React JSX 代码文件可以写在另外的文件里。新建下面的 <code>src/helloworld.js</code>。</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">h1</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">Hello</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">world</span><span class="o">!<</span><span class="err">/h1>,</span>
|
||
<span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'example'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>然后在 <code>helloworld.html</code> 引用该文件：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt"><script </span><span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text/babel"</span> <span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">"src/helloworld.js"</span><span class="nt">></script></span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>注意一些浏览器（比如 Chrome ）会在使用 HTTP 以外的协议加载文件时失败。</p>
|
||
<h3><a class="anchor" name="离线转换"></a>离线转换 <a class="hash-link" href="#离线转换">#</a></h3>
|
||
<p>先安装<a href="http://babeljs.io/">Babel</a>命令行工具（需要 <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/">npm</a>）：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">npm install --global babel-cli
|
||
npm install babel-preset-react
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>然后把你的 <code>src/helloworld.js</code> 文件转成标准的 JavaScript:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">babel --presets react src --watch --out-dir build
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>注意:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>如果你正在使用 ES2015, 你将需要使用 <code>babel-preset-es2015</code> 包.</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<p><code>build/helloworld.js</code> 会在你对文件进行修改时自动生成。 阅读 <a href="http://babeljs.io/docs/usage/cli/">Babel CLI 文档</a> 了解高级用法。</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<span class="hll"> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createElement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'h1'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Hello, world!'</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'example'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>对照下面更新你的 HTML 代码</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="cp"><!DOCTYPE html></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"><html></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"><head></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"><meta</span> <span class="na">charset=</span><span class="s">"UTF-8"</span> <span class="nt">/></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"><title></span>Hello React!<span class="nt"></title></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"><script </span><span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">"build/react.js"</span><span class="nt">></script></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"><script </span><span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">"build/react-dom.js"</span><span class="nt">></script></span>
|
||
<span class="hll"> <span class="c"><!-- 不需要 Babel! --></span>
|
||
</span> <span class="nt"></head></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"><body></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"example"</span><span class="nt">></div></span>
|
||
<span class="hll"> <span class="nt"><script </span><span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">"build/helloworld.js"</span><span class="nt">></script></span>
|
||
</span> <span class="nt"></body></span>
|
||
<span class="nt"></html></span>
|
||
</code></pre></div><h2><a class="anchor" name="下一步"></a>下一步 <a class="hash-link" href="#下一步">#</a></h2>
|
||
<p>去看看<a href="/react/docs/tutorial-zh-CN.html">入门教程</a> 和入门教程包 <code>examples</code> 目录下的其它例子学习更多。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>我们还有一个社区开发者共建的 Wiki：<a href="https://github.com/facebook/react/wiki/Complementary-Tools">workflows, UI-components, routing, data management etc.</a></p>
|
||
|
||
<p>恭喜你，欢迎来到 React 的世界。</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="docs-prevnext">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a class="docs-next" href="/react/docs/tutorial-zh-CN.html">Next →</a>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<footer class="wrap">
|
||
<div class="left">
|
||
A Facebook & Instagram collaboration.<br>
|
||
<a href="/react/acknowledgements.html">Acknowledgements</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="right">
|
||
© 2013–2016 Facebook Inc.<br>
|
||
Documentation licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a>.
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