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<h1>
컴포넌트 API
</h1>
<div class="subHeader"></div>
<h2><a class="anchor" name="react.component"></a>React.Component <a class="hash-link" href="#react.component">#</a></h2>
<p>React 컴포넌트의 인스턴스는 React가 렌더링 시에 내부적으로 만듭니다. 이때 만들어진 인스턴스는 이후의 렌더링에서 다시 사용되고 컴포넌트의 메소드들에서 <code>this</code> 변수로 접근할 수 있습니다. React 외부에서 React 컴포넌트의 핸들을 얻는 방법은 <code>ReactDOM.render</code>의 리턴값을 저장하는 것이 유일합니다. 다른 컴포넌트 안에서 비슷한 결과를 얻으려면 <a href="/react/docs/more-about-refs-ko-KR.html">refs</a>를 사용해야 합니다.</p>
<h3><a class="anchor" name="setstate"></a>setState <a class="hash-link" href="#setstate">#</a></h3><div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="k">void</span> <span class="nx">setState</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="kd">function</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="nx">object</span> <span class="nx">nextState</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">callback</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>nextState를 현재 state에 얕게(shallow) 병합합니다. 이벤트 핸들러와 서버 요청 콜백에서 UI 업데이트를 발생시키기 위해 이 메소드를 주로 사용합니다.</p>
<p>첫번째 인자는 업데이트를 위한 키를 0개 이상 가진 객체이거나 업데이트를 위한 키들을 포함한 객체를 반환하는 함수(의 state나 props)일 수 있습니다.</p>
<p>객체를 사용하는 간단한 예제입니다:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="nx">setState</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="nx">mykey</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;새로운 값&#39;</span><span class="p">});</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p><code>function(state, props)</code>처럼 인자를 포함한 함수를 넘겨주는 것도 가능합니다. 어떤 값이든 state와 props의 이전 값을 참고해서 원자적인 업데이트를 큐에 추가(enqueue)하려는 경우 이는 유용합니다. 예를 들어 state의 값을 증가 시키려는 경우 같이 처리 가능합니다:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="nx">setState</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">previousState</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">currentProps</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">myInteger</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">previousState</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">myInteger</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">};</span>
<span class="p">});</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>두번째 인자는 선택적이며, <code>setState</code>가 한번 완료되고 컴포넌트가 다시 렌더 되었을때 실행되는 콜백 함수입니다.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>주의:</p>
<p><em>절대로</em> <code>this.state</code>를 직접 변경하지 마세요. 그 뒤에 <code>setState()</code>를 호출하면 그동안 변경했던 것이 교체될 수 있습니다. <code>this.state</code>는 변경 불가능한 것으로 생각하시는 것이 좋습니다.</p>
<p><code>setState()</code>를 호출해도 <code>this.state</code>가 곧바로 변경되지 않고 대기 중인 state transition이 만들어집니다. 이 메소드를 호출한 직후 <code>this.state</code>에 접근하면 바뀌기 전의 값을 리턴할 가능성이 있습니다.</p>
<p><code>setState</code>에 대한 호출이 동기적으로 처리된다는 보장이 없으며, 성능 향상을 위해 배치 처리될 수 있습니다.</p>
<p><code>setState()</code><code>shouldComponentUpdate()</code>에 조건부 렌더링 로직이 구현되어 있지 않다면 항상 재렌더링을 발생시킵니다. 변경 가능한 객체를 사용하고 있고 조건부 렌더링 로직을 <code>shouldComponentUpdate()</code>에 구현할 수 없는 경우라면 새로운 state가 이전 state와 달라지는 경우에만 <code>setState()</code>를 호출하여 불필요한 재렌더링을 피할 수 있습니다.</p>
</blockquote>
<h3><a class="anchor" name="replacestate"></a>replaceState <a class="hash-link" href="#replacestate">#</a></h3><div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="k">void</span> <span class="nx">replaceState</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="nx">object</span> <span class="nx">nextState</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">callback</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p><code>setState()</code>와 비슷하지만 기존에 존재하는 state 중 nextState에 없는 키는 모두 삭제됩니다.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>주의:</p>
<p>이 메소드는 <code>React.Component</code>를 확장한 ES6 <code>class</code> 컴포넌트에서는 사용할 수 없습니다. React의 미래 버전에서 이는 완전히 사라지게 될 것입니다.</p>
</blockquote>
<h3><a class="anchor" name="forceupdate"></a>forceUpdate <a class="hash-link" href="#forceupdate">#</a></h3><div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="k">void</span> <span class="nx">forceUpdate</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">callback</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>기본적으로, 컴포넌트의 state나 props가 변경되면, 컴포넌트는 다시 렌더됩니다. 하지만 이런 변경이 묵시적이거나(예를들어 객체의 변경 없이 깊이 있는 데이터만 변경된 경우) <code>render()</code> 함수가 다른 값에 의존하는 경우, <code>forceUpdate()</code>를 호출해 React에게 <code>render()</code>를 다시 실행할 필요가 있다고 알릴 수 있습니다.</p>
<p><code>forceUpdate()</code>를 호출하면 <code>shouldComponentUpdate()</code>를 생략하고 해당 컴포넌트 <code>render()</code> 함수가 호출됩니다. 각 자식 컴포넌트에 대해서는 <code>shouldComponentUpdate()</code>를 포함해 보통 라이프 사이클 메서드를 호출합니다. React는 마크업이 변경된 경우에만 DOM을 업데이트합니다.</p>
<p>특별한 경우가 아니면 <code>forceUpdate()</code>는 되도록 피하시고 <code>render()</code>에서는 <code>this.props</code><code>this.state</code>에서만 읽어오세요. 그렇게 하는 것이 컴포넌트를 &quot;순수&quot;하게 하고 애플리케이션을 훨씬 단순하고 효율적으로 만들어줍니다.</p>
<h3><a class="anchor" name="ismounted"></a>isMounted <a class="hash-link" href="#ismounted">#</a></h3><div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kr">boolean</span> <span class="nx">isMounted</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p><code>isMounted()</code>는 컴포넌트가 DOM에 렌더링되었으면 <code>true</code>를, 아니면 <code>false</code>를 리턴합니다. 비동기적으로 <code>setState()</code><code>forceUpdate()</code>를 호출할 때 이 메소드를 사용하여 오류를 방지할 수 있습니다.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>주의:</p>
<p>이 메소드는 <code>React.Component</code>를 확장한 ES6 <code>class</code> 컴포넌트에서는 사용할 수 없습니다. React의 미래 버전에서 이는 완전히 사라지게 될 것입니다.</p>
</blockquote>
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