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<div class="inner-content">
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<h1>
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폼
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<a class="edit-page-link" href="https://github.com/facebook/react/tree/master/docs/docs/07-forms.ko-KR.md" target="_blank">Edit on GitHub</a>
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</h1>
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<div class="subHeader"></div>
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<p><code><input></code>, <code><textarea></code>, <code><option></code> 같은 폼 컴포넌트는 다른 네이티브 컴포넌트와 다릅니다. 왜냐하면, 사용자의 상호작용에 의해 변경될 수 있기 때문이죠. 이런 컴포넌트들은 사용자의 상호작용에 반응하여 폼을 더 쉽게 관리할 수 있도록 인터페이스를 제공합니다.</p>
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<p><code><form></code> 이벤트에 관한 정보는 <a href="/react/docs/events-ko-KR.html#form-events">폼 이벤트</a>를 보세요.</p>
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<h2><a class="anchor" name="props-"></a>Props의 상호작용 <a class="hash-link" href="#props-">#</a></h2>
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<p>폼 컴포넌트는 사용자 상호작용을 통해 영향을 받는 몇 가지 props를 지원합니다.</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>value</code>: <code><input></code>, <code><textarea></code> 컴포넌트에서 사용가능.</li>
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<li><code>checked</code>: <code>checkbox</code>, <code>radio</code>타입의 <code><input></code> 컴포넌트에서 사용가능.</li>
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<li><code>selected</code>: <code><option></code> 컴포넌트에서 사용가능.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>HTML에서는 <code><textarea></code> 태그의 값을 설정할 때 <code><textarea></code> 태그의 자식이 사용되지만, React에서는 <code>value</code> 를 사용해야 합니다.</p>
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<p>폼 컴포넌트는 <code>onChange</code> prop의 콜백을 설정하여 변경을 감시(listening)할 수 있습니다. <code>onChange</code> prop는 브라우저에 관계없이 다음과 같은 사용자 상호작용에 반응합니다.</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code><input></code>, <code><textarea></code>의 <code>value</code> 변경.</li>
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<li><code><input></code>의 <code>checked</code> state 변경.</li>
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<li><code><option></code>의 <code>selected</code> state 변경.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>모든 DOM 이벤트처럼 <code>onChange</code> prop은 모든 네이티브 컴포넌트에서 지원되며 일어난(bubbled) 변경 이벤트를 감시하는데 사용할 수 있습니다.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>주의:</p>
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<p><code><input></code>, <code><textarea></code>에서는 <code>onChange</code>가 DOM의 <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/GlobalEventHandlers/oninput"><code>oninput</code></a> 이벤트 핸들러와 같은 기능을 제공하므로 일반적인 경우에는 <code>onChange</code>를 사용하세요.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p><a name="controlled-components"></a></p>
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<h2><a class="anchor" name="controlled-"></a>제어되는(controlled) 컴포넌트 <a class="hash-link" href="#controlled-">#</a></h2>
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<p><code>value</code>가 설정된 <code><input></code>은 <em>제어되는</em> 컴포넌트입니다. 제어되는 <code><input></code>에서, 렌더 엘리먼트의 값은 항상 <code>value</code> prop을 반영합니다. 예를 들어,</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"> <span class="nx">render</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">return</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"text"</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Hello!"</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>이것은 항상 <code>Hello!</code>의 값을 가지는 input을 렌더합니다. 어떤 사용자 입력도 렌더된 엘리먼트에는 영향을 주지 않는데, 왜냐하면 React가 값을 <code>Hello!</code>로 설정했기 때문입니다. 사용자 입력에 따라 값을 업데이트하길 원한다면, <code>onChange</code> 이벤트를 사용할 수 있습니다.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"> <span class="nx">getInitialState</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'Hello!'</span><span class="p">};</span>
|
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<span class="p">},</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">handleChange</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">setState</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">});</span>
|
|
<span class="p">},</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">render</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"text"</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="nx">onChange</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">handleChange</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>이 예제에서는, 단순히 사용자가 주는 최신값을 받고 <code><input></code> 컴포넌트의 <code>value</code> prop을 업데이트하고 있습니다. 이 패턴은 사용자의 상호작용에 반응하거나 검증하는 인터페이스를 쉽게 구현하게 합니다. 예를 들어,</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"> <span class="nx">handleChange</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">setState</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">substr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">140</span><span class="p">)});</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>이것은 사용자 입력을 받아들이지만, 시작에서부터 140자로 값을 자릅니다.</p>
|
|
<h3><a class="anchor" name="----"></a>체크박스와 라디오 버튼의 잠제적인 문제 <a class="hash-link" href="#----">#</a></h3>
|
|
<p>변경 핸들링을 일반화하기 위해 React는 <code>change</code> 이벤트 대신에 <code>click</code> 이벤트를 사용하는 것에 주의하세요. <code>change</code> 핸들러 안에서 <code>preventDefault</code>를 호출하는 경우를 재외하고 이 동작은 예상대로 동작합니다. 이런 경우 <code>preventDefault</code>를 제거하거나, <code>setTimeout</code>에 <code>checked</code>의 전환을 넣어서 해결 가능합니다.</p>
|
|
<h2><a class="anchor" name="-uncontrolled-"></a>제어되지 않는(Uncontrolled) 컴포넌트 <a class="hash-link" href="#-uncontrolled-">#</a></h2>
|
|
<p><code>value</code> 가 없(거나 <code>null</code>로 설정되어 있)는 <code><input></code>은 <em>제어되지 않는</em> 컴포넌트입니다. 제어되지 않는 <code><input></code>에서 렌더된 엘리먼트의 value값은 사용자의 입력을 반영합니다. 예를 들어,</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"> <span class="nx">render</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"text"</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>이것은 빈 값으로 시작되는 input을 렌더합니다. 임의의 사용자 입력은 즉시 렌더된 엘리먼트에 반영됩니다. 값의 업데이트를 감시하길 원한다면, 제어되는 컴포넌트처럼 <code>onChange</code> 이벤트를 사용할 수 있습니다.</p>
|
|
<h3><a class="anchor" name="-"></a>기본 값 <a class="hash-link" href="#-">#</a></h3>
|
|
<p>비어 있지 않은 값으로 초기화하길 원한다면, <code>defaultValue</code> prop로 할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어,</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"> <span class="nx">render</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"text"</span> <span class="nx">defaultValue</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Hello!"</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>이 예제는 위에있는 <strong>제어되지 않는 컴포넌트</strong>에 더 가깝게 동작할 것입니다.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>마찬가지로, <code><input></code>은 <code>defaultChecked</code>를 지원하고 <code><select></code>는 <code>defaultValue</code>를 지원합니다.</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p>주의:</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><code>defaultValue</code>, <code>defaultChecked</code> prop은 최초 렌더에서만 사용됩니다. 뒤에 일어나는 렌더에서 값을 업데이트할 필요가 있다면, <a href="#controlled-components">제어되는(controlled) 컴포넌트</a>를 사용하셔야 합니다.</p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
<h2><a class="anchor" name="-"></a>심화 주제 <a class="hash-link" href="#-">#</a></h2><h3><a class="anchor" name="--"></a>왜 제어되는 컴포넌트인가요? <a class="hash-link" href="#--">#</a></h3>
|
|
<p>React에서 <code><input></code>같은 폼 컴포넌트를 사용하면, 전통적인 폼 HTML을 쓸 때에는 없던 어려운 문제가 있습니다. 예를 들어 HTML에서</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"> <span class="nt"><input</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"title"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"Untitled"</span> <span class="nt">/></span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>이렇게 하면 input은 <code>Untitled</code> 값으로 <em>초기화</em> 됩니다. 사용자가 input을 업데이트할 때, 노드의 <code>value</code> <em>프로퍼티</em>가 변경될 것입니다. 하지만, <code>node.getAttribute('value')</code>은 여전히 초기화 때 사용했던 값인 <code>Untitled</code>를 리턴합니다.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>HTML과 다르게, React 컴포넌트는 초기화 시점 뿐만 아니라, 어떤 시점이라도 반드시 뷰의 state를 나타내야 합니다. 예를 들어 React에서</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"> <span class="nx">render</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"text"</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"title"</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Untitled"</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>이 메소드가 어떤 시점에도 뷰를 기술하기 때문에, 텍스트 input의 값은 <em>언제나</em> <code>Untitled</code>입니다.</p>
|
|
<h3><a class="anchor" name="-textarea-value-"></a>왜 Textarea에 value를 사용하나요? <a class="hash-link" href="#-textarea-value-">#</a></h3>
|
|
<p>HTML에서, <code><textarea></code>의 값은 보통 그것의 자식들로 설정됩니다.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"> <span class="c"><!-- 안티패턴: 이렇게 하지 마세요! --></span>
|
|
<span class="nt"><textarea</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"description"</span><span class="nt">></span>이것은 설명입니다.<span class="nt"></textarea></span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>HTML에서는 이렇게 하면 여러 줄의 값을 쉽게 개발자가 넣을 수 있게 합니다. 하지만, React는 JavaScript기 때문에, 우리는 문자열 제한이 없고 개행이 필요하면 <code>\n</code>을 사용할 수 있습니다. 이 곳에서는 <code>value</code>와 <code>defaultValue</code>가 있고, 그것이 자식들의 역할을 모호하게 합니다. 이런 이유로, <code><textarea></code>의 값을 설정할 때에는 자식들을 사용하지 않아야 합니다.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">textarea</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"description"</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"이것은 설명입니다."</span> <span class="o">/></span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>자식들을 사용하기로 <em>했다면</em>, 자식들은 <code>defaultValue</code>처럼 동작할 것입니다.</p>
|
|
<h3><a class="anchor" name="-select-value-"></a>왜 Select에 value를 사용하나요? <a class="hash-link" href="#-select-value-">#</a></h3>
|
|
<p>HTML <code><select></code>에서 선택된 <code><option></code>은 보통 option의 <code>selected</code> 어트리뷰트로 기술됩니다. React에서는 컴포넌트를 관리하기 쉽게 하기 위해, 다음 형식이 대신 채용됐습니다.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">select</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"B"</span><span class="o">></span>
|
|
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">option</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"A"</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">Apple</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/option></span>
|
|
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">option</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"B"</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">Banana</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/option></span>
|
|
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">option</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"C"</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">Cranberry</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/option></span>
|
|
<span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/select></span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>제어되지 않는 컴포넌트로 만드려면, 대신 <code>defaultValue</code>를 사용하세요.</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p>주의:</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><code>select</code> 태그에 여러 옵션을 선택할 수 있도록, <code>value</code> 어트리뷰트에 배열을 넘길 수도 있습니다. <code><select multiple={true} value={['B', 'C']}></code></p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
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