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Paul O’Shannessy
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Includes #3036, #3032, #3016, #3013, #3011, #3007, #3001, #2999, #2997, #2987, #2969, #2965, #2962, #2961
561 lines
27 KiB
HTML
561 lines
27 KiB
HTML
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<a href="/react/tips/references-to-components.html">References to Components</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/children-undefined.html">this.props.children undefined</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/use-react-with-other-libraries.html">Use React with Other Libraries</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="inner-content">
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<h1>
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React (Virtual) DOM Terminology
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<a class="edit-page-link" href="https://github.com/facebook/react/tree/master/docs/docs/ref-09-glossary.md" target="_blank">Edit on GitHub</a>
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</h1>
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<div class="subHeader"></div>
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<p>In React's terminology, there are five core types that are important to distinguish:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#react-elements">ReactElement / ReactElement Factory</a></li>
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<li><a href="#react-nodes">ReactNode</a></li>
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<li><a href="#react-components">ReactComponent / ReactComponent Class</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h2><a class="anchor" name="react-elements"></a>React Elements <a class="hash-link" href="#react-elements">#</a></h2>
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<p>The primary type in React is the <code>ReactElement</code>. It has four properties: <code>type</code>, <code>props</code>, <code>key</code> and <code>ref</code>. It has no methods and nothing on the prototype.</p>
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<p>You can create one of these object through <code>React.createElement</code>.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createElement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'div'</span><span class="p">);</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>To render a new tree into the DOM, you create <code>ReactElement</code>s and pass them to <code>React.render</code> along with a regular DOM <code>Element</code> (<code>HTMLElement</code> or <code>SVGElement</code>). <code>ReactElement</code>s are not to be confused with DOM <code>Element</code>s. A <code>ReactElement</code> is a light, stateless, immutable, virtual representation of a DOM <code>Element</code>. It is a virtual DOM.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">root</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="p">);</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>To add properties to a DOM element, pass a properties object as the second argument and children to the third argument.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">child</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createElement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'li'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Text Content'</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createElement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ul'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">className</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'my-list'</span> <span class="p">},</span> <span class="nx">child</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">root</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="p">);</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>If you use React JSX, then these <code>ReactElement</code>s are created for you. So this is equivalent:</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">ul</span> <span class="nx">className</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"my-list"</span><span class="o">></span>
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<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">li</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">Text</span> <span class="nx">Content</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/li></span>
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<span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/ul>;</span>
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<span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">root</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="p">);</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p><strong>Factories</strong></p>
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<p>A <code>ReactElement</code>-factory is simply a function that generates a <code>ReactElement</code> with a particular <code>type</code> property. React has a built-in helper for you to create factories. It's effectively just:</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">createFactory</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">type</span><span class="p">){</span>
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<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createElement</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>It allows you to create a convenient short-hand instead of typing out <code>React.createElement('div')</code> all the time.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">div</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createFactory</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'div'</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">div</span><span class="p">({</span> <span class="nx">className</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'my-div'</span> <span class="p">});</span>
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<span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">root</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="p">);</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>React already has built-in factories for common HTML tags:</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">DOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ul</span><span class="p">({</span> <span class="nx">className</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'my-list'</span> <span class="p">},</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">DOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">li</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Text Content'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="p">);</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>If you are using JSX you have no need for factories. JSX already provides a convenient short-hand for creating <code>ReactElement</code>s.</p>
|
|
<h2><a class="anchor" name="react-nodes"></a>React Nodes <a class="hash-link" href="#react-nodes">#</a></h2>
|
|
<p>A <code>ReactNode</code> can be either:</p>
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><code>ReactElement</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>string</code> (aka <code>ReactText</code>)</li>
|
|
<li><code>number</code> (aka <code>ReactText</code>)</li>
|
|
<li>Array of <code>ReactNode</code>s (aka <code>ReactFragment</code>)</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>These are used as properties of other <code>ReactElement</code>s to represent children. Effectively they create a tree of <code>ReactElement</code>s.</p>
|
|
<h2><a class="anchor" name="react-components"></a>React Components <a class="hash-link" href="#react-components">#</a></h2>
|
|
<p>You can use React using only <code>ReactElement</code>s but to really take advantage of React, you'll want to use <code>ReactComponent</code>s to create encapsulations with embedded state.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>A <code>ReactComponent</code> Class is simply just a JavaScript class (or "constructor function").</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">MyComponent</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createClass</span><span class="p">({</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">render</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="p">...</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">});</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>When this constructor is invoked it is expected to return an object with at least a <code>render</code> method on it. This object is referred to as a <code>ReactComponent</code>.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">component</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">MyComponent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// never do this</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Other than for testing, you would normally <strong>never</strong> call this constructor yourself. React calls it for you.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Instead, you pass the <code>ReactComponent</code> Class to <code>createElement</code> you get a <code>ReactElement</code>.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">element</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createElement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">MyComponent</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>OR using JSX:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">element</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">MyComponent</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>When this is passed to <code>React.render</code>, React will call the constructor for you and create a <code>ReactComponent</code>, which returned.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">component</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">element</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>If you keep calling <code>React.render</code> with the same type of <code>ReactElement</code> and the same container DOM <code>Element</code> it always returns the same instance. This instance is stateful.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">componentA</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">MyComponent</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">componentB</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">MyComponent</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">componentA</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="nx">componentB</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// true</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>This is why you shouldn't construct your own instance. Instead, <code>ReactElement</code> is a virtual <code>ReactComponent</code> before it gets constructed. An old and new <code>ReactElement</code> can be compared to see if a new <code>ReactComponent</code> instance is created or if the existing one is reused.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <code>render</code> method of a <code>ReactComponent</code> is expected to return another <code>ReactElement</code>. This allows these components to be composed. Ultimately the render resolves into <code>ReactElement</code> with a <code>string</code> tag which instantiates a DOM <code>Element</code> instance and inserts it into the document.</p>
|
|
<h2><a class="anchor" name="formal-type-definitions"></a>Formal Type Definitions <a class="hash-link" href="#formal-type-definitions">#</a></h2>
|
|
<p><strong>Entry Point</strong></p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">React.render = (ReactElement, HTMLElement | SVGElement) => ReactComponent;
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p><strong>Nodes and Elements</strong></p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">type ReactNode = ReactElement | ReactFragment | ReactText;
|
|
|
|
type ReactElement = ReactComponentElement | ReactDOMElement;
|
|
|
|
type ReactDOMElement = {
|
|
type : string,
|
|
props : {
|
|
children : ReactNodeList,
|
|
className : string,
|
|
etc.
|
|
},
|
|
key : string | boolean | number | null,
|
|
ref : string | null
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
type ReactComponentElement<TProps> = {
|
|
type : ReactClass<TProps>,
|
|
props : TProps,
|
|
key : string | boolean | number | null,
|
|
ref : string | null
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
type ReactFragment = Array<ReactNode | ReactEmpty>;
|
|
|
|
type ReactNodeList = ReactNode | ReactEmpty;
|
|
|
|
type ReactText = string | number;
|
|
|
|
type ReactEmpty = null | undefined | boolean;
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p><strong>Classes and Components</strong></p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">type ReactClass<TProps> = (TProps) => ReactComponent<TProps>;
|
|
|
|
type ReactComponent<TProps> = {
|
|
props : TProps,
|
|
render : () => ReactElement
|
|
};
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
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<a href="/react/acknowledgements.html">Acknowledgements</a>
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© 2013–2015 Facebook Inc.<br>
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