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<h1>
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양방향 바인딩 핼퍼
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<a class="edit-page-link" href="https://github.com/facebook/react/tree/master/docs/docs/10.2-form-input-binding-sugar.ko-KR.md" target="_blank">Edit on GitHub</a>
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</h1>
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<div class="subHeader"></div>
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<p><code>ReactLink</code>는 React에서 양방향 바인딩을 표현하는 쉬운 방법입니다.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>주의:</p>
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<p>프레임워크를 새로 접하신다면, 대부분의 애플리케이션에서 <code>ReactLink</code>는 필요없고 신중히 사용하셔야 함을 알려드립니다.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>React에서 데이터 흐름은 소유주에서 자식으로의 단방향입니다. 이는 <a href="http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B0_%EB%85%B8%EC%9D%B4%EB%A7%8C_%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0">폰 노이만 컴퓨팅 모델</a>의 데이터가 단방향으로 흐르기 때문입니다. 이것을 "단방향 데이터 바인딩"으로 생각하셔도 됩니다.</p>
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<p>하지만 많은 애플리케이션에서 데이터를 요청해서 프로그램으로 돌려줍니다. 예를 들어, 폼을 개발한다면, 사용자 입력을 받았을 때 <code>state</code>를 바꾸거나, JavaScript안에서 레이아웃을 바꾸고 그에 따라 어떤 DOM 엘리먼트의 크기를 바꾸게 하고 싶을 수도 있습니다.</p>
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<p>React에서 이는 "change" 이벤트를 감시하고 데이터 소스(보통 DOM)에서 읽어 컴포넌트에서 <code>setState()</code>를 호출하는 식으로 할 수 있습니다. "데이터 흐름 반복을 제한"하면 더 이해하기 편하고, 쉽게 유지보수할 수 있는 프로그램이 만들어지는 것은 명확합니다. 더 자세한 내용은 <a href="/react/docs/forms-ko-KR.html">폼 문서</a>를 확인하세요.</p>
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<p>양방향 바인딩(묵시적으로 DOM의 어떤 값은 React <code>state</code>와 일치하도록 강제하는 것)은 간결하기도 하고 다양한 애플리케이션을 지원 할 수 있습니다. React는 <code>ReactLink</code>를 제공합니다. 이는 위에서 설명한 일반적인 데이터 흐름 반복 패턴을 설정하거나, 어떤 데이터 소스를 React <code>state</code>로 "링크하는" 편의 문법입니다.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>주의:</p>
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<p><code>ReactLink</code>는 얇은 레퍼고 <code>onChange</code>/<code>setState()</code>패턴 부분의 관례일 뿐입니다. React 애플리케이션에서의 데이터 흐름을 근본적으로 바꾸지는 않습니다.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h2><a class="anchor" name="reactlink--"></a>ReactLink: 적용 전후 <a class="hash-link" href="#reactlink--">#</a></h2>
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<p><code>ReactLink</code>를 사용하지 않는 간단한 폼 예제입니다.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">NoLink</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createClass</span><span class="p">({</span>
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<span class="nx">getInitialState</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'안녕!'</span><span class="p">};</span>
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<span class="p">},</span>
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<span class="nx">handleChange</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">setState</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">});</span>
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<span class="p">},</span>
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<span class="nx">render</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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|
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">message</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"text"</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="nx">onChange</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">handleChange</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">});</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>이것은 정말 잘 동작하고, 데이터가 어떻게 흐르는지 매우 명확하게 보여지지만, 폼필드가 많을 경우 약간 장황해 질 수 있습니다. 타이핑을 줄이기 위해 <code>ReactLink</code>를 사용해 보겠습니다.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">LinkedStateMixin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'react-addons-linked-state-mixin'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">WithLink</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createClass</span><span class="p">({</span>
|
|
<span class="hll"> <span class="nx">mixins</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">LinkedStateMixin</span><span class="p">],</span>
|
|
</span> <span class="nx">getInitialState</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'Hello!'</span><span class="p">};</span>
|
|
<span class="p">},</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">render</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="hll"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"text"</span> <span class="nx">valueLink</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">linkState</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'message'</span><span class="p">)}</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">});</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p><code>LinkedStateMixin</code>는 React 컴포넌트에 <code>linkState()</code>라는 메서드를 추가합니다. <code>linkState()</code>는 React state의 현재 값과 그것을 변경할 때의 콜백을 가지는 <code>ReactLink</code> 객체를 리턴합니다.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><code>ReactLink</code> 객체는 props로 트리의 위나 아래로 넘길 수 있어서, 쉽고 명확하게 계층구조에서 깊이 있는 컴포넌트와 높이 있는 state 사이의 양방향 바인딩을 설정할 수 있습니다.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>checkbox의 <code>value</code> 어트리뷰트는 다른 것과 다르게 checkbox가 체크되었을 때 폼 submit에 값이 전달되는 것에 주의하세요.(기본값 <code>on</code>) 그래서 <code>value</code> 어트리뷰트는 checkbox가 체크되거나 해제될 때 업데이트되지 않습니다. checkbox에서는 <code>valueLink</code>대신 <code>checkedLink</code>를 사용하셔야 합니다.
|
|
<code>
|
|
<input type="checkbox" checkedLink={this.linkState('booleanValue')} />
|
|
</code></p>
|
|
<h2><a class="anchor" name="-"></a>내부 구조 <a class="hash-link" href="#-">#</a></h2>
|
|
<p><code>ReactLink</code>에는 크게 인스턴스를 생성하는 면과 사용하는 면이 있습니다. <code>ReactLink</code>가 얼마나 간단한지 확인하기 위해, 이 부분들을 보다 명시적으로 고쳐 봅시다.</p>
|
|
<h3><a class="anchor" name="linkedstatemixin--reactlink-"></a>LinkedStateMixin 없이 ReactLink 쓰기 <a class="hash-link" href="#linkedstatemixin--reactlink-">#</a></h3><div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">WithoutMixin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createClass</span><span class="p">({</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">getInitialState</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'Hello!'</span><span class="p">};</span>
|
|
<span class="p">},</span>
|
|
<span class="hll"> <span class="nx">handleChange</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">newValue</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
</span><span class="hll"> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">setState</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">newValue</span><span class="p">});</span>
|
|
</span><span class="hll"> <span class="p">},</span>
|
|
</span> <span class="nx">render</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="hll"> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">valueLink</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
</span><span class="hll"> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
|
</span><span class="hll"> <span class="nx">requestChange</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">handleChange</span>
|
|
</span><span class="hll"> <span class="p">};</span>
|
|
</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"text"</span> <span class="nx">valueLink</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">valueLink</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">});</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>보시다시피, <code>ReactLink</code> 객체는 <code>value</code>와 <code>requestChange</code> prop만 가지는 매우 간단한 객체입니다. <code>LinkedStateMixin</code>도 간단합니다. 그냥 <code>this.state</code>의 값과 <code>this.setState()</code>에서 호출되는 콜백을 필드로 가질 뿐입니다.</p>
|
|
<h3><a class="anchor" name="valuelink--reactlink-"></a>valueLink 없이 ReactLink 쓰기 <a class="hash-link" href="#valuelink--reactlink-">#</a></h3><div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">LinkedStateMixin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'react-addons-linked-state-mixin'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">WithoutLink</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createClass</span><span class="p">({</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">mixins</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">LinkedStateMixin</span><span class="p">],</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">getInitialState</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'Hello!'</span><span class="p">};</span>
|
|
<span class="p">},</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">render</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">valueLink</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">linkState</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'message'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">handleChange</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">valueLink</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">requestChange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="p">};</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"text"</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">valueLink</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="nx">onChange</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">handleChange</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">});</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p><code>valueLink</code> prop도 간단합니다. 단순히 <code>onChange</code> 이벤트를 처리하고 <code>this.props.valueLink.requestChange()</code>를 호출하고 <code>this.props.value</code>대신 <code>this.props.valueLink.value</code>를 사용합니다. 그게 다에요!</p>
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