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Paul O’Shannessy
558 lines
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HTML
558 lines
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HTML
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="inner-content">
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<h1>
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2ウェイバインディングのヘルパ
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<a class="edit-page-link" href="https://github.com/facebook/react/tree/master/docs/docs/10.2-form-input-binding-sugar.ja-JP.md" target="_blank">Edit on GitHub</a>
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</h1>
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<div class="subHeader"></div>
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<p><code>ReactLink</code> はReactで2ウェイバインディングを表現する簡単な方法です。</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>注意:
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もしあなたがフレームワークについてあまりよく知らないのであれば、 <code>ReactLink</code> は多くのアプリケーションには必要なく、慎重に使うべきであることに注意してください。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>Reactでは所有者から子要素へと、データの流れは一方向です。これはデータが<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_architecture">Von Neumannのコンピューティングモデル</a>によって一方向にのみ流れるからです。これを「1ウェイデータバインディング」だと考えることができます。</p>
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<p>しかし、データやプログラムに戻る流れを読む必要が有るアプリケーションもたくさんあります。例えば、フォームを作る際に、ユーザのインプットを受け取った時には、Reactの <code>state</code> を更新したいと思うことはよくあるでしょう。または、JavaScriptでレイアウトを形作ったり、DOM要素のサイズの変化に反応したいと思うでしょう。</p>
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<p>Reactでは、「変更」のイベントを検知し、データソース（普通はDOMです）を読み、コンポーネントのうちの1つの上で <code>setState()</code> を呼ぶことでこの要求を満たすことができます。「データフローのループを止めること」は理解しやすく、維持しやすいプログラムを明確に導きます。詳細な情報については、<a href="/react/docs/forms-ja-JP.html">フォームのドキュメント</a>をご覧ください。</p>
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<p>2ウェイバインディングはDOMの値が常にReactの <code>state</code> と一致していることを暗黙に強制しますが、簡潔で、多くの種類のアプリケーションをサポートします。上で説明されているような共通のデータフローループパターンのセットアップや、データソースをReactの <code>state</code> に「接続する」ための糖衣構文である <code>ReactLink</code> が提供されています。</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>注意:
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<code>ReactLink</code> は薄いラッパーであり、 <code>onChange</code>/<code>setState()</code> パターンにおける習慣です。Reactアプリケーションのデータフローの方法を根本から変えるようなものではありません。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h2><a class="anchor" name="reactlink-"></a>ReactLink: ビフォーアフター <a class="hash-link" href="#reactlink-">#</a></h2>
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<p>以下が、 <code>ReactLink</code> を使用しない単純なフォームの例です。</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">NoLink</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createClass</span><span class="p">({</span>
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<span class="nx">getInitialState</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'Hello!'</span><span class="p">};</span>
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<span class="p">},</span>
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<span class="nx">handleChange</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">setState</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">});</span>
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<span class="p">},</span>
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<span class="nx">render</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">message</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="k">return</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"text"</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="nx">onChange</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">handleChange</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="p">});</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>これはとてもよく動き、データがどう流れているかとても明確です。しかし、たくさんのフォームのフィールドがあった場合、少し冗長になります。以下のように、 <code>ReactLink</code> を使うことでタイピング量が少なくて済みます。</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">WithLink</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createClass</span><span class="p">({</span>
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<span class="hll"> <span class="nx">mixins</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">addons</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">LinkedStateMixin</span><span class="p">],</span>
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</span> <span class="nx">getInitialState</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'Hello!'</span><span class="p">};</span>
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<span class="p">},</span>
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<span class="nx">render</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="hll"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"text"</span> <span class="nx">valueLink</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">linkState</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'message'</span><span class="p">)}</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">;</span>
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</span> <span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="p">});</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p><code>LinkedStateMixin</code> は <code>linkState()</code> と呼ばれるReactコンポーネントにメソッドを追加します。
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<code>linkState()</code> はReactのステータスの現在の値と、それを変更するコールバックを持った <code>ReactLink</code> オブジェクトを返します。</p>
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<p><code>ReactLink</code> オブジェクトはプロパティとして、木構造の上や下に渡される可能性があります。だから、階層の深い位置にいるコンポーネントと階層の高い位置にいるステータスの間の2ウェイバインディングをセットアップすることは簡単（で、明確）です。</p>
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<p>チェックボックスはその <code>value</code> 属性に対しての特別な態度を持っていることに注意してください。それは、チェックボックスがチェックされている（デフォルトで <code>on</code> ）場合にフォームのサブミットで送信される値です。 <code>value</code> 属性はチェックボックスがチェックされていても、チェックされていなくても、更新されません。チェックボックスについては、<code>valueLink</code> の代わりに、 <code>checkedLink</code> を使うべきです。以下のように。</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><input type="checkbox" checkedLink={this.linkState('booleanValue')} />
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</code></pre></div><h2><a class="anchor" name=""></a>フードの下 <a class="hash-link" href="#">#</a></h2>
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<p><code>ReactLink</code> には2つの側面があります。 <code>ReactLink</code> のインスタンスを作成する場所と、それを使う場所です。 <code>ReactLink</code> がどれだけ単純か証明するために、それぞれの側面を分けて、明確に再度記述してみましょう。</p>
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<h3><a class="anchor" name="linkedstatemixinreactlink"></a>LinkedStateMixinを使わないReactLink <a class="hash-link" href="#linkedstatemixinreactlink">#</a></h3><div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">WithoutMixin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createClass</span><span class="p">({</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">getInitialState</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'Hello!'</span><span class="p">};</span>
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|
<span class="p">},</span>
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<span class="hll"> <span class="nx">handleChange</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">newValue</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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</span><span class="hll"> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">setState</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">newValue</span><span class="p">});</span>
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</span><span class="hll"> <span class="p">},</span>
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</span> <span class="nx">render</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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|
<span class="hll"> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">valueLink</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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</span><span class="hll"> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="p">,</span>
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</span><span class="hll"> <span class="nx">requestChange</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">handleChange</span>
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</span><span class="hll"> <span class="p">};</span>
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</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"text"</span> <span class="nx">valueLink</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">valueLink</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="p">});</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>今まで見てきたように <code>ReactLink</code> オブジェクトは <code>value</code> と <code>requestChange</code> プロパティだけを持ったとても単純なオブジェクトです。そして、 <code>LinkedStateMixin</code> も同様に単純です。それらのフィールドを <code>this.state</code> の値と、 <code>this.setState()</code> を呼ぶコールバックで満たします。</p>
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<h3><a class="anchor" name="valuelinkreactlink"></a>valueLinkを使わないReactLink <a class="hash-link" href="#valuelinkreactlink">#</a></h3><div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">WithoutLink</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createClass</span><span class="p">({</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">mixins</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">addons</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">LinkedStateMixin</span><span class="p">],</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">getInitialState</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">message</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'Hello!'</span><span class="p">};</span>
|
|
<span class="p">},</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">render</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">valueLink</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">linkState</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'message'</span><span class="p">);</span>
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|
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">handleChange</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">valueLink</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">requestChange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="p">};</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"text"</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">valueLink</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="nx">onChange</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">handleChange</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">});</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
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|
<p><code>valueLink</code> プロパティも同様にとても単純です。単純に <code>onChange</code> イベントをハンドルし、 <code>this.props.valueLink.requestChange()</code> を呼び、 <code>this.props.value</code> の代わりに <code>this.props.valueLink.value</code> を使用します。それだけです！</p>
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