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<title>传递 Props | React</title>
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<h3>Tips</h3>
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<a href="/react/tips/introduction.html">Introduction</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/maximum-number-of-jsx-root-nodes.html">Maximum Number of JSX Root Nodes</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/style-props-value-px.html">Shorthand for Specifying Pixel Values in style props</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/children-props-type.html">Type of the Children props</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/controlled-input-null-value.html">Value of null for Controlled Input</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/componentWillReceiveProps-not-triggered-after-mounting.html">componentWillReceiveProps Not Triggered After Mounting</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/props-in-getInitialState-as-anti-pattern.html">Props in getInitialState Is an Anti-Pattern</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/dom-event-listeners.html">DOM Event Listeners in a Component</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/false-in-jsx.html">False in JSX</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/communicate-between-components.html">Communicate Between Components</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/expose-component-functions.html">Expose Component Functions</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/children-undefined.html">this.props.children undefined</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/use-react-with-other-libraries.html">Use React with Other Libraries</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/dangerously-set-inner-html.html">Dangerously Set innerHTML</a>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="inner-content">
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<h1>
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传递 Props
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<a class="edit-page-link" href="https://github.com/facebook/react/tree/master/docs/docs/06-transferring-props.zh-CN.md" target="_blank">Edit on GitHub</a>
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</h1>
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<div class="subHeader"></div>
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<p>React 里有一个非常常用的模式就是对组件做一层抽象。组件对外公开一个简单的属性（Props）来实现功能，但内部细节可能有非常复杂的实现。</p>
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<p>可以使用 <a href="/react/docs/jsx-spread-zh-CN.html">JSX 展开属性</a> 来合并现有的 props 和其它值：</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">Component</span> <span class="p">{...</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="nx">more</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"values"</span> <span class="o">/></span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>如果不使用 JSX，可以使用一些对象辅助方法如 ES6 的 <code>Object.assign</code> 或 Underscore <code>_.extend</code>。</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createElement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Component</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">Object</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">assign</span><span class="p">({},</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">more</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'values'</span> <span class="p">}));</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>下面的教程介绍一些最佳实践。使用了 JSX 和 试验性的ECMAScript 语法。</p>
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<h2><a class="anchor" name=""></a>手动传递 <a class="hash-link" href="#">#</a></h2>
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<p>大部分情况下你应该显式地向下传递 props。这样可以确保只公开你认为是安全的内部 API 的子集。</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">FancyCheckbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">fancyClass</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">checked</span> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="s1">'FancyChecked'</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'FancyUnchecked'</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span>
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<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">div</span> <span class="nx">className</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">fancyClass</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="nx">onClick</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">onClick</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">></span>
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<span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">children</span><span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/div></span>
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<span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span>
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<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">FancyCheckbox</span> <span class="nx">checked</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="nx">onClick</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">)}</span><span class="o">></span>
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<span class="nx">Hello</span> <span class="nx">world</span><span class="o">!</span>
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<span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/FancyCheckbox>,</span>
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<span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'example'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="p">);</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>但 <code>name</code> 这个属性怎么办？还有 <code>title</code>、<code>onMouseOver</code> 这些 props？</p>
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<h2><a class="anchor" name="-jsx--...-"></a>在 JSX 里使用 <code>...</code> 传递 <a class="hash-link" href="#-jsx--...-">#</a></h2>
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<blockquote>
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<p>注意:</p>
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<p>在下面的例子中，<code>--harmony</code> 标志是必须的因为这个语法是ES7的实验性语法。如果用浏览器中的JSX转换器，以 <code><script type="text/jsx;harmony=true"></code>简单的打开你脚本就行了。详见<a href="/react/docs/transferring-props.html#rest-and-spread-properties-...">Rest and Spread Properties ...</a></p>
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</blockquote>
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|
||
<p>有时把所有属性都传下去是不安全或啰嗦的。这时可以使用 <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Destructuring_assignment">解构赋值</a> 中的剩余属性特性来把未知属性批量提取出来。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>列出所有要当前使用的属性，后面跟着 <code>...other</code>。</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">checked</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">...</span><span class="nx">other</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>这样能确保把所有 props 传下去，<em>除了</em> 那些已经被使用了的。</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">FancyCheckbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">checked</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">...</span><span class="nx">other</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">fancyClass</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">checked</span> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="s1">'FancyChecked'</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'FancyUnchecked'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">// `other` 包含 { onClick: console.log } 但 checked 属性除外</span>
|
||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">div</span> <span class="p">{...</span><span class="nx">other</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="nx">className</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">fancyClass</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">/></span>
|
||
<span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">FancyCheckbox</span> <span class="nx">checked</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="nx">onClick</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">)}</span><span class="o">></span>
|
||
<span class="nx">Hello</span> <span class="nx">world</span><span class="o">!</span>
|
||
<span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/FancyCheckbox>,</span>
|
||
<span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'example'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>注意:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>上面例子中，<code>checked</code> 属性也是一个有效的 DOM 属性。如果你没有使用解构赋值，那么可能无意中把它传下去。</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<p>在传递这些未知的 <code>other</code> 属性时，要经常使用解构赋值模式。</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">FancyCheckbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">fancyClass</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">checked</span> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="s1">'FancyChecked'</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'FancyUnchecked'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">// 反模式：`checked` 会被传到里面的组件里</span>
|
||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">div</span> <span class="p">{...</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="nx">className</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">fancyClass</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">/></span>
|
||
<span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div><h2><a class="anchor" name="-prop"></a>使用和传递同一个 Prop <a class="hash-link" href="#-prop">#</a></h2>
|
||
<p>如果组件需要使用一个属性又要往下传递，可以直接使用 <code>checked={checked}</code> 再传一次。这样做比传整个 <code>props</code> 对象要好，因为更利于重构和语法检查。</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">FancyCheckbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">checked</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">title</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">...</span><span class="nx">other</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">fancyClass</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">checked</span> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="s1">'FancyChecked'</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'FancyUnchecked'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">fancyTitle</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">checked</span> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="s1">'X '</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nx">title</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'O '</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nx">title</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">label</span><span class="o">></span>
|
||
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="p">{...</span><span class="nx">other</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="nx">checked</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">checked</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="nx">className</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">fancyClass</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"checkbox"</span>
|
||
<span class="o">/></span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">fancyTitle</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/label></span>
|
||
<span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>注意:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>顺序很重要，把 <code>{...other}</code> 放到 JSX props 前面会使它不被覆盖。上面例子中我们可以保证 input 的 type 是 <code>"checkbox"</code>。</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h2><a class="anchor" name="-..."></a>剩余属性和展开属性 <code>...</code> <a class="hash-link" href="#-...">#</a></h2>
|
||
<p>剩余属性可以把对象剩下的属性提取到一个新的对象。会把所有在解构赋值中列出的属性剔除。</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>这是 <a href="https://github.com/sebmarkbage/ecmascript-rest-spread">ECMAScript 草案</a> 中的试验特性。</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">...</span><span class="nx">z</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">x</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">y</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">a</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">b</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="p">};</span>
|
||
<span class="nx">x</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// 1</span>
|
||
<span class="nx">y</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// 2</span>
|
||
<span class="nx">z</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// { a: 3, b: 4 }</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>注意:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>要用 Babel 6转换 rest 和 spread 属性，你需要安装 <a href="https://babeljs.io/docs/plugins/preset-es2015/"><code>es2015</code></a> preset，<a href="https://babeljs.io/docs/plugins/transform-object-rest-spread/"><code>transform-object-rest-spread</code></a> 插件并在 <code>.babelrc</code> 里配置他们.</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h2><a class="anchor" name="-underscore-"></a>使用 Underscore 来传递 <a class="hash-link" href="#-underscore-">#</a></h2>
|
||
<p>如果不使用 JSX，可以使用一些库来实现相同效果。Underscore 提供 <code>_.omit</code> 来过滤属性，<code>_.extend</code> 复制属性到新的对象。</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">FancyCheckbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">checked</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">checked</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">other</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">omit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'checked'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">fancyClass</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">checked</span> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="s1">'FancyChecked'</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'FancyUnchecked'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">DOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">div</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">extend</span><span class="p">({},</span> <span class="nx">other</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">className</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">fancyClass</span> <span class="p">}))</span>
|
||
<span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
|
||
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© 2013–2016 Facebook Inc.<br>
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