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Paul O’Shannessy
680 lines
44 KiB
HTML
680 lines
44 KiB
HTML
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<title>재사용가능한 컴포넌트 | React</title>
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<a href="/react/docs/glossary.html">React (Virtual) DOM Terminology</a>
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<div class="nav-docs-section">
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<h3>Flux</h3>
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<ul>
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<a href="https://facebook.github.io/flux/docs/overview.html" class="external">Flux Overview</a>
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<a href="https://facebook.github.io/flux/docs/todo-list.html" class="external">Flux TodoMVC Tutorial</a>
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<!-- Tips Nav -->
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<div class="nav-docs-section">
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<h3>Tips</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/introduction.html">Introduction</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/inline-styles.html">Inline Styles</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/if-else-in-JSX.html">If-Else in JSX</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/self-closing-tag.html">Self-Closing Tag</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/maximum-number-of-jsx-root-nodes.html">Maximum Number of JSX Root Nodes</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/style-props-value-px.html">Shorthand for Specifying Pixel Values in style props</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/children-props-type.html">Type of the Children props</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/controlled-input-null-value.html">Value of null for Controlled Input</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/componentWillReceiveProps-not-triggered-after-mounting.html">componentWillReceiveProps Not Triggered After Mounting</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/props-in-getInitialState-as-anti-pattern.html">Props in getInitialState Is an Anti-Pattern</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/dom-event-listeners.html">DOM Event Listeners in a Component</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/initial-ajax.html">Load Initial Data via AJAX</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/false-in-jsx.html">False in JSX</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/communicate-between-components.html">Communicate Between Components</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/expose-component-functions.html">Expose Component Functions</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/children-undefined.html">this.props.children undefined</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/use-react-with-other-libraries.html">Use React with Other Libraries</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/dangerously-set-inner-html.html">Dangerously Set innerHTML</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="inner-content">
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<h1>
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재사용가능한 컴포넌트
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<a class="edit-page-link" href="https://github.com/facebook/react/tree/master/docs/docs/05-reusable-components.ko-KR.md" target="_blank">Edit on GitHub</a>
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</h1>
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<div class="subHeader"></div>
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<p>인터페이스를 설계할 때, 공통적으로 사용되는 디자인 요소들(버튼, 폼 필드, 레이아웃 컴포넌트 등.)을 잘 정의된 인터페이스의 재사용 가능한 컴포넌트로 분해합니다. 이런 방법으로 다음에 UI를 구축할 때에는 훨씬 적은 코드로 만들 수 있습니다. 이 말은 더 빠른 개발 시간, 더 적은 버그, 더 적은 용량으로 할 수 있다는 뜻이죠.</p>
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<h2><a class="anchor" name="prop-"></a>Prop 검증 <a class="hash-link" href="#prop-">#</a></h2>
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<p>앱의 규모가 커지면 컴포넌트들이 바르게 사용되었는지 확인하는게 도움이 됩니다. 확인은 <code>propTypes</code>를 명시해서 할 수 있습니다. <code>React.PropTypes</code>는 받은 데이터가 적절한지(valid) 확인하는데 사용할 수 있는 다양한 검증자(validator)를 제공합니다. prop에 부적절한 값을 명시한다면 JavaScript 콘솔에 경고가 보일 것입니다. 성능상의 문제로 <code>propTypes</code>는 개발 모드에서만 검사됩니다. 다음은 제공되는 검증자를 설명하는 예제입니다.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createClass</span><span class="p">({</span>
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<span class="nx">propTypes</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="c1">// 특정 JavaScript 프리미티브 타입에 대한 prop을 명시할 수 있습니다.</span>
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<span class="c1">// 기본적으로 이것들은 모두 선택적입니다.</span>
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<span class="nx">optionalArray</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">array</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="nx">optionalBool</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">bool</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="nx">optionalFunc</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="nx">optionalNumber</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">number</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="nx">optionalObject</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">object</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="nx">optionalString</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">string</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="c1">// 렌더링될 수 있는 모든 것: 숫자, 문자열, 요소</span>
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<span class="c1">// 이것들을 포함하는 배열(이나 프래그먼트)</span>
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<span class="nx">optionalNode</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="c1">// React 엘리먼트</span>
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<span class="nx">optionalElement</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">element</span><span class="p">,</span>
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<span class="c1">// 클래스의 인스턴스 또한 prop으로 명시할 수 있습니다. JavaScript의 instanceof</span>
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<span class="c1">// 연산자를 사용합니다.</span>
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<span class="nx">optionalMessage</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">instanceOf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Message</span><span class="p">),</span>
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<span class="c1">// 열거형처럼 특정 값들로만 prop을 제한해서 사용할 수 있습니다.</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">optionalEnum</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">oneOf</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'News'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Photos'</span><span class="p">]),</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1">// 많은 타입들 중 하나로 사용할 수 있는 객체가 될 수도 있습니다.</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">optionalUnion</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">oneOfType</span><span class="p">([</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">string</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">number</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">instanceOf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Message</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="p">]),</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1">// 특정 타입의 배열</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">optionalArrayOf</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">arrayOf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">number</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1">// 특정 타입의 속성값을 갖는 객체</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">optionalObjectOf</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">objectOf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">number</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1">// 특정한 형태(shape)의 객체</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">optionalObjectWithShape</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">shape</span><span class="p">({</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">color</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">string</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">fontSize</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">number</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}),</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1">// 위에 언급된 것들을 `isRequired`로 연결해서 prop이 제공되지 않을 때 경고를</span>
|
|
<span class="c1">// 띄우도록 할 수도 있습니다.</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">requiredFunc</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isRequired</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1">// 어떤 데이터 타입도 가능</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">requiredAny</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">any</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isRequired</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1">// 물론 사용자 정의 검증자도 지정할 수 있습니다. 이는 검증이 실패했을 때</span>
|
|
<span class="c1">// Error 객체를 리턴해야합니다. `console.warn`을 이나 throw를 하면 안됩니다.</span>
|
|
<span class="c1">// 그렇게하면 `oneOfType` 안에서 작동하지 않습니다.</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">customProp</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">propName</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">componentName</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="sr">/matchme/</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">test</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">propName</span><span class="p">]))</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nb">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Validation failed!'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">},</span>
|
|
<span class="cm">/* ... */</span>
|
|
<span class="p">});</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div><h2><a class="anchor" name="-prop-"></a>기본 Prop 값 <a class="hash-link" href="#-prop-">#</a></h2>
|
|
<p>React는 매우 선언적(declarative)인 방법으로 <code>props</code>의 기본값을 정의할 수 있게 해줍니다.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">ComponentWithDefaultProps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createClass</span><span class="p">({</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">getDefaultProps</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'default value'</span>
|
|
<span class="p">};</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="cm">/* ... */</span>
|
|
<span class="p">});</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p><code>getDefaultProps()</code>의 결과값은 캐시가 되며, 부모 컴포넌트에서 명시되지 않았을 때 <code>this.props.value</code>가 값을 가질 수 있도록 해주는데 사용됩니다.<code>getDefaultProps()</code>를 사용하면 반복적이고 깨지기 쉬운 코드를 짤 필요없이 그냥 안전하게 prop을 사용할 수 있습니다.</p>
|
|
<h2><a class="anchor" name="prop--"></a>Prop 전달하기: 단축 <a class="hash-link" href="#prop--">#</a></h2>
|
|
<p>React 컴포넌트의 흔히 그냥 기본 HTML 엘리먼트를 확장해서 씁니다. 타이핑을 아끼기 위해 기저의 HTML 엘리먼트에 HTML 속성들을 단순히 복사하는 컴포넌트가 필요할 수도 있습니다. JSX의 <em>spread</em> 문법을 사용하면 이렇게 할 수 있습니다.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">CheckLink</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createClass</span><span class="p">({</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">render</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="c1">// 모든 prop을 받아서 CheckLink에 넘기고 <a>에 복사합니다.</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">a</span> <span class="p">{...</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'√ '</span><span class="p">}{</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">children</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/a>;</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">});</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
|
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">CheckLink</span> <span class="nx">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"/checked.html"</span><span class="o">></span>
|
|
<span class="nx">Click</span> <span class="nx">here</span><span class="o">!</span>
|
|
<span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/CheckLink>,</span>
|
|
<span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'example'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="p">);</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div><h2><a class="anchor" name="-"></a>단일 자식 <a class="hash-link" href="#-">#</a></h2>
|
|
<p><code>React.PropTypes.element</code>을 통해 컴포넌트에 한 자식만 보내도록 명시할 수 있습니다.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">MyComponent</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createClass</span><span class="p">({</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">propTypes</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">children</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">element</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isRequired</span>
|
|
<span class="p">},</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nx">render</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
|
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">div</span><span class="o">></span>
|
|
<span class="p">{</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">children</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">// 정확히 한 엘리먼트여야만 하며, 아니면 에러가 발생합니다.</span>
|
|
<span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/div></span>
|
|
<span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="p">});</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div><h2><a class="anchor" name=""></a>믹스인 <a class="hash-link" href="#">#</a></h2>
|
|
<p>컴포넌트는 React에서 코드를 재사용할 수 있는 최고의 방법이지만, 가끔 아주 다른 컴포넌트에서 공통 기능이 필요한 때도 있습니다. 이런 상황을 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-cutting_concern">공통된 관심사(cross-cutting concerns)</a>라 부르며, React에서는 <code>mixins</code>으로 이 문제를 해결합니다.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>예를 들어, 컴포넌트가 주기적으로 업데이트되길 원할 경우가 있습니다. <code>setInterval()</code>을 사용하면 쉽지만, 필요 없어지면 메모리를 아끼기 위해 주기를 꼭 취소해야 합니다. React는 컴포넌트가 막 생성거나 없어질 때를 <a href="/react/docs/working-with-the-browser-ko-KR.html#component-lifecycle">생명주기 메소드</a>를 통해 알려줍니다. 이런 메소드들을 사용해서 컴포넌트가 사라질 때 자동으로 정리해주는 <code>setInterval()</code>를 제공해주는 간단한 믹스인을 만들어보겠습니다.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">SetIntervalMixin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">componentWillMount</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">intervals</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[];</span>
|
|
<span class="p">},</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">setInterval</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">intervals</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">setInterval</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">apply</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">arguments</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
|
<span class="p">},</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">componentWillUnmount</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">intervals</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">forEach</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">clearInterval</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">};</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">TickTock</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createClass</span><span class="p">({</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">mixins</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">SetIntervalMixin</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="c1">// 믹스인 사용</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">getInitialState</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">seconds</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">};</span>
|
|
<span class="p">},</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">componentDidMount</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">setInterval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">tick</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// 믹스인에 있는 메소드를 호출</span>
|
|
<span class="p">},</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">tick</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">setState</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="nx">seconds</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">seconds</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">});</span>
|
|
<span class="p">},</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">render</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
|
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="o">></span>
|
|
<span class="nx">React</span> <span class="nx">has</span> <span class="nx">been</span> <span class="nx">running</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">seconds</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="nx">seconds</span><span class="p">.</span>
|
|
<span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/p></span>
|
|
<span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">});</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
|
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">TickTock</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">,</span>
|
|
<span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'example'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="p">);</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>믹스인의 괜찮은 점은 컴포넌트가 여러 믹스인을 사용하고 여러 믹스인에서 같은 생명주기 메소드를 사용할 때(예를 들어, 여러 믹스인에서 컴포넌트가 사라질 때 뭔가 정리하려 한다면) 모든 생명주기 메소드들의 실행은 보장됩니다. 믹스인에 정의된 메소드은 컴포넌트의 메소드가 호출됨에 따라 믹스인이 나열된 순서대로 실행됩니다.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><a name="es6-classes"></a></p>
|
|
<h2><a class="anchor" name="es6-"></a>ES6 클래스 <a class="hash-link" href="#es6-">#</a></h2>
|
|
<p>React 클래스를 일반적인 JavaScript 클래스로 선언할 수도 있습니다. 다음의 예제는 ES6 클래스 문법을 사용합니다:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kr">class</span> <span class="nx">HelloMessage</span> <span class="kr">extends</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Component</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">div</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">Hello</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">name</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/div>;</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">HelloMessage</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Sebastian"</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">mountNode</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>API는 <code>getInitialState</code>를 제외하고 <code>React.createClass</code>와 유사합니다. 별도의 <code>getInitialState</code> 메소드 대신에, 필요한 <code>state</code> 프로퍼티를 생성자에서 설정할 수 있습니다.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>또다른 차이점은 <code>propTypes</code>와 <code>defaultProps</code>가 클래스의 내부가 아니라 생성자의 프로퍼티로 정의되어 있다는 것입니다.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kr">export</span> <span class="kr">class</span> <span class="nx">Counter</span> <span class="kr">extends</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Component</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">constructor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="kr">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">state</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">count</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">initialCount</span><span class="p">};</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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|
<span class="nx">tick</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">setState</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="nx">count</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">count</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">});</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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|
<span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span>
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<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">div</span> <span class="nx">onClick</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">tick</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">)}</span><span class="o">></span>
|
|
<span class="nx">Clicks</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">count</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/div></span>
|
|
<span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">Counter</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">propTypes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">initialCount</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PropTypes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">number</span> <span class="p">};</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">Counter</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">defaultProps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">initialCount</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="p">};</span>
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|
</code></pre></div><h3><a class="anchor" name="--"></a>자동 바인딩 안됨 <a class="hash-link" href="#--">#</a></h3>
|
|
<p>메소드는 일반 ES6 클래스와 동일한 시멘틱을 따릅니다. <code>this</code>를 인스턴스에 자동으로 바인딩하지 않는다는 이야기입니다. 명시적으로 <code>.bind(this)</code>나 <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Arrow_functions">화살표 함수(arrow function)</a> <code>=></code>를 사용하세요.</p>
|
|
<h3><a class="anchor" name="-"></a>믹스인 안됨 <a class="hash-link" href="#-">#</a></h3>
|
|
<p>불행하게도 ES6는 믹스인에 대한 지원이 없이 출시되었기 때문에, React에서 ES6 클래스를 사용한다면 믹스인을 사용할 방법이 없습니다. 대신, 우리는 믹스인에 의존하지 않고도 동작하도록 만들기 위해 열심히 노력하고 있습니다.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><a name="stateless-functions"></a></p>
|
|
<h2><a class="anchor" name="---"></a>상태를 가지지 않는 함수 <a class="hash-link" href="#---">#</a></h2>
|
|
<p>React 클래스를 일반 JavaScript 함수로 작성할 수도 있습니다. 상태를 가지지 않는 함수 문법을 사용하는 예제입니다.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">HelloMessage</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">div</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">Hello</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">name</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/div>;</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">HelloMessage</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Sebastian"</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">mountNode</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>아니면 ES6의 화살표 문법을 사용할 수 있습니다.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">HelloMessage</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">div</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">Hello</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">name</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/div>;</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">HelloMessage</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Sebastian"</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">mountNode</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>이 단순화된 컴포넌트 API는 prop의 순수 함수인 컴포넌트를 나타냅니다. 이 컴포넌트는 내부 상태가 없어야 하고, 내부 인스턴스가 없어야 하고, 컴포넌트 생명주기 메소드가 없어야 합니다. 아무런 준비 과정없이 입력에 대한 순수한 기능적 변환이어야 합니다.</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p>주의:</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>상태를 가지지 않는 함수는 내부 인스턴스가 없기 때문에, ref를 상태를 가지지않는 함수에 넣을 수 없습니다. 상태를 가지지 않는 함수는 명령형(imperative) API를 제공하지 않기 때문에 일반적으로 이것은 문제가 되지 않습니다. 명령형 API없이 인스턴스에 할 수 있는 것이 많지 않기도 하죠. 하지만 상태를 가지지 않는 컴포넌트의 DOM 노드를 검색하길 원한다면, 반드시 상태 기반 컴포넌트(예. ES6 클래스 컴포넌트)로 컴포넌트를 감싸고 상태 기반 래퍼 컴포넌트에 ref를 붙여야 합니다.</p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>이상적으로는, 대부분의 컴포넌트는 상태를 가지지 않는 함수여야 합니다. 왜냐 하면 이런 상태를 가지지 않는 컴포넌트는 React 코어 안에서 더 빠른 코드 경로를 거치기 때문입니다. 이는 가능한 한 추천하는 패턴입니다.</p>
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