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Paul O’Shannessy
592 lines
29 KiB
HTML
592 lines
29 KiB
HTML
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<a href="/react/tips/introduction.html">Introduction</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/dom-event-listeners.html">DOM Event Listeners in a Component</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/false-in-jsx.html">False in JSX</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/communicate-between-components.html">Communicate Between Components</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/expose-component-functions.html">Expose Component Functions</a>
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<a href="/react/tips/children-undefined.html">this.props.children undefined</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/use-react-with-other-libraries.html">Use React with Other Libraries</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/react/tips/dangerously-set-inner-html.html">Dangerously Set innerHTML</a>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="inner-content">
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<h1>
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React (가상) DOM 용어
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<a class="edit-page-link" href="https://github.com/facebook/react/tree/master/docs/docs/ref-10-glossary.ko-KR.md" target="_blank">Edit on GitHub</a>
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</h1>
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<div class="subHeader"></div>
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<p>다음은 React에서 사용되는 용어들로, 이 다섯 가지의 타입을 구별하는 것은 중요합니다.</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#react-elements">ReactElement / ReactElement 팩토리</a></li>
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<li><a href="#react-nodes">ReactNode</a></li>
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<li><a href="#react-components">ReactComponent / ReactComponent 클래스</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h2><a class="anchor" name="react-"></a>React 엘리먼트 <a class="hash-link" href="#react-">#</a></h2>
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<p><code>ReactElement</code>는 React의 주요 타입입니다. <code>type</code>, <code>props</code>, <code>key</code>, <code>ref</code>의 네 가지 프로퍼티를 가집니다. 메소드는 가지지 않으며 프로토타입에는 아무 것도 들어있지 않습니다.</p>
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<p>이러한 객체는 <code>React.createElement</code>를 통해 만들 수 있습니다.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createElement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'div'</span><span class="p">);</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>DOM에 새로운 트리를 렌더링하기 위해서는 <code>ReactElement</code>를 만들고 일반적인 DOM <code>Element</code> (<code>HTMLElement</code> 또는 <code>SVGElement</code>)와 함께 <code>ReactDOM.render</code>에 넘깁니다. <code>ReactElement</code>를 DOM <code>Element</code>와 혼동해서는 안됩니다. <code>ReactElement</code>는 가볍고, 상태를 갖지 않으며, 변경 불가능한, DOM <code>Element</code>의 가상 표현입니다. 즉 가상 DOM입니다.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">root</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'example'</span><span class="p">));</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>DOM 엘리먼트에 프로퍼티를 추가하려면 두번째 인자로 프로퍼티 객체를, 세번째 인자로 자식을 넘깁니다.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">child</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createElement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'li'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Text Content'</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createElement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ul'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">className</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'my-list'</span> <span class="p">},</span> <span class="nx">child</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">root</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'example'</span><span class="p">));</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>React JSX를 사용하면 <code>ReactElement</code>가 알아서 만들어집니다. 따라서 다음 코드는 앞의 코드와 같습니다:</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">ul</span> <span class="nx">className</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"my-list"</span><span class="o">></span>
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<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">li</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">Text</span> <span class="nx">Content</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/li></span>
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<span class="o"><</span><span class="err">/ul>;</span>
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<span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">root</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'example'</span><span class="p">));</span>
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</code></pre></div><h3><a class="anchor" name=""></a>팩토리 <a class="hash-link" href="#">#</a></h3>
|
|
<p><code>ReactElement</code> 팩토리는 그저 특정한 <code>type</code> 프로퍼티를 가지는 <code>ReactElement</code>를 만들어주는 함수입니다. React에는 팩토리를 만드는 헬퍼가 내장되어 있습니다. 그 함수는 사실상 다음과 같습니다:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">createFactory</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">type</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createElement</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>이를 이용하면 편리한 단축 함수를 만들 수 있어 항상 <code>React.createElement('div')</code>를 입력하지 않아도 됩니다.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">div</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createFactory</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'div'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">div</span><span class="p">({</span> <span class="nx">className</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'my-div'</span> <span class="p">});</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">root</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'example'</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>React에는 이미 보통의 HTML 태그를 위한 팩토리가 내장되어 있습니다:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">DOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ul</span><span class="p">({</span> <span class="nx">className</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'my-list'</span> <span class="p">},</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">DOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">li</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Text Content'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|
<span class="p">);</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>JSX를 사용하면 팩토리가 필요하지 않습니다. 이미 JSX가 <code>ReactElement</code>를 만드는 편리한 단축 문법을 제공합니다.</p>
|
|
<h2><a class="anchor" name="react-"></a>React 노드 <a class="hash-link" href="#react-">#</a></h2>
|
|
<p><code>ReactNode</code>는 다음 중 하나가 될 수 있습니다:</p>
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><code>ReactElement</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>string</code> (<code>ReactText</code>로 부르기도 함)</li>
|
|
<li><code>number</code> (<code>ReactText</code>로 부르기도 함)</li>
|
|
<li><code>ReactNode</code>의 배열 (<code>ReactFragment</code>로 부르기도 함)</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>이들은 자식을 표현하기 위해 다른 <code>ReactElement</code>의 프로퍼티에 사용됩니다. 사실상 이들이 <code>ReactElement</code>의 트리를 형성합니다.</p>
|
|
<h2><a class="anchor" name="react-"></a>React 컴포넌트 <a class="hash-link" href="#react-">#</a></h2>
|
|
<p><code>ReactElement</code>만 가지고도 React를 사용할 수는 있지만, React의 장점을 제대로 활용하려면 <code>ReactComponent</code>를 사용하여 상태를 가진 캡슐화된 객체를 만들기를 원할 것입니다.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><code>ReactComponent</code> 클래스는 그냥 JavaScript 클래스 (또는 "생성자 함수")입니다.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">MyComponent</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createClass</span><span class="p">({</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">render</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="p">...</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
<span class="p">});</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>이 생성자가 호출될 때 최소한 <code>render</code> 메소드를 가진 객체를 리턴해야 합니다. 이 리턴된 객체를 <code>ReactComponent</code>라고 부릅니다.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">component</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">MyComponent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">props</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// 절대 하지 마세요.</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>테스트 목적이 아니라면 <em>절대</em> 이 생성자를 직접 호출하지 마십시오. React가 알아서 호출해줍니다.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>대신 <code>ReactComponent</code> 클래스를 <code>createElement</code>에 넘겨 <code>ReactElement</code>를 받을 수 있습니다.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">element</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">React</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createElement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">MyComponent</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>또는 JSX를 사용하면:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">element</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">MyComponent</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>이것이 <code>ReactDOM.render</code>에 넘겨지면 React가 알아서 생성자를 호출하여 <code>ReactComponent</code>를 만들고 리턴합니다.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">component</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">element</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'example'</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>같은 타입의 <code>ReactElement</code>와 같은 컨테이너 DOM <code>Element</code>를 가지고 <code>ReactDOM.render</code>를 계속 호출하면 항상 같은 인스턴스를 리턴합니다. 이 인스턴스는 상태를 가집니다.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">componentA</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">MyComponent</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'example'</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
|
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">componentB</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ReactDOM</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">MyComponent</span> <span class="o">/></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'example'</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
|
<span class="nx">componentA</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="nx">componentB</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// true</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>그렇기 때문에 직접 인스턴스를 만들어서는 안됩니다. <code>ReactComponent</code>가 생성되기 전에 <code>ReactElement</code>가 대신 가상의 <code>ReactComponent</code> 역할을 합니다. 이전 <code>ReactElement</code>와 새 <code>ReactElement</code>를 비교하여 새로운 <code>ReactComponent</code>를 만들지, 아니면 기존 것을 재사용할지 결정합니다.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><code>ReactComponent</code>의 <code>render</code> 메소드는 또다른 <code>ReactElement</code>를 리턴해야 합니다. 이렇게 해서 컴포넌트들이 조합됩니다. 결과적으로 렌더링 과정은 다음과 같습니다. <code>string</code> 타입의 태그를 가진 <code>ReactElement</code>를 통해 DOM <code>Element</code> 인스턴스가 생성되며 문서에 삽입됩니다.</p>
|
|
<h2><a class="anchor" name="--"></a>형식 타입 정의 <a class="hash-link" href="#--">#</a></h2><h3><a class="anchor" name=""></a>진입점 <a class="hash-link" href="#">#</a></h3><div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">ReactDOM.render = (ReactElement, HTMLElement | SVGElement) => ReactComponent;
|
|
</code></pre></div><h3><a class="anchor" name="-"></a>노드와 엘리먼트 <a class="hash-link" href="#-">#</a></h3><div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">type ReactNode = ReactElement | ReactFragment | ReactText;
|
|
|
|
type ReactElement = ReactComponentElement | ReactDOMElement;
|
|
|
|
type ReactDOMElement = {
|
|
type : string,
|
|
props : {
|
|
children : ReactNodeList,
|
|
className : string,
|
|
etc.
|
|
},
|
|
key : string | boolean | number | null,
|
|
ref : string | null
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
type ReactComponentElement<TProps> = {
|
|
type : ReactClass<TProps>,
|
|
props : TProps,
|
|
key : string | boolean | number | null,
|
|
ref : string | null
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
type ReactFragment = Array<ReactNode | ReactEmpty>;
|
|
|
|
type ReactNodeList = ReactNode | ReactEmpty;
|
|
|
|
type ReactText = string | number;
|
|
|
|
type ReactEmpty = null | undefined | boolean;
|
|
</code></pre></div><h3><a class="anchor" name="-"></a>클래스와 컴포넌트 <a class="hash-link" href="#-">#</a></h3><div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">type ReactClass<TProps> = (TProps) => ReactComponent<TProps>;
|
|
|
|
type ReactComponent<TProps> = {
|
|
props : TProps,
|
|
render : () => ReactElement
|
|
};
|
|
</code></pre></div>
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