Suspense is meant to be composable but there has been a lonstanding
limitation with using Suspense above the `<body>` tag of an HTML
document due to peculiarities of how HTML is parsed. For instance if you
used Suspense to render an entire HTML document and had a fallback that
might flush an alternate Document the comment nodes which describe this
boundary scope won't be where they need to be in the DOM for client
React to properly hydrate them. This is somewhat a problem of our own
making in that we have a concept of a Preamble and we leave the closing
body and html tags behind until streaming has completed which produces a
valid HTML document that also matches the DOM structure that would be
parsed from it. However Preambles as a concept are too important to
features like Float to imagine moving away from this model and so we can
either choose to just accept that you cannot use Suspense anywhere
except inside the `<body>` or we can build special support for Suspense
into react-dom that has a coherent semantic with how HTML documents are
written and parsed.
This change implements Suspense support for react-dom/server by
correctly serializing boundaries during rendering, prerendering, and
resumgin on the server. It does not yet support Suspense everywhere on
the client but this will arrive in a subsequent change. In practice
Suspense cannot be used above the `<body>` tag today so this is not a
breaking change since no programs in the wild could be using this
feature anyway.
React's streaming rendering of HTML doesn't lend itself to replacing the
contents of the documentElement, head, or body of a Document. These are
already special cased in fiber as HostSingletons and similarly for Fizz
the values we render for these tags must never be updated by the Fizz
runtime once written. To accomplish these we redefine the Preamble as
the tags that represent these three singletons plus the contents of the
document.head. If you use Suspense above any part of the Preamble then
nothing will be written to the destination until the boundary is no
longer pending. If the boundary completes then the preamble from within
that boudnary will be output. If the boundary postpones or errors then
the preamble from the fallback will be used instead.
Additionally, by default anything that is not part of the preamble is
implicitly in body scope. This leads to the somewhat counterintuitive
consequence that the comment nodes we use to mark the borders of a
Suspense boundary in Fizz can appear INSIDE the preamble that was
rendered within it.
```typescript
render((
<Suspense>
<html lang="en">
<body>
<div>hello world</div>
</body>
</html>
</Suspense>
))
```
will produce an HTML document like this
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head></head>
<body>
<!--$--> <-- this is the comment Node representing the outermost Suspense
<div>hello world</div>
<$--/$-->
</body>
</html>
```
Later when I update Fiber to support Suspense anywhere hydration will
similarly start implicitly in the document body when the root is part of
the preamble (the document or one of it's singletons).
While most builds of Flight and Fizz schedule work in new tasks some do
execute work synchronously. While this is necessary for legacy APIs like
renderToString for modern APIs there really isn't a great reason to do
this synchronously.
We could schedule works as microtasks but we actually want to yield so
the runtime can run events and other things that will unblock additional
work before starting the next work loop.
This change updates all non-legacy uses to be async using the best
availalble macrotask scheduler.
Browser now uses postMessage
Bun uses setTimeout because while it also supports setImmediate the
scheduling is not as eager as the same API in node
the FB build also uses setTimeout
This change required a number of changes to tests which were utilizing
the sync nature of work in the Browser builds to avoid having to manage
timers and tasks. I added a patch to install MessageChannel which is
required by the browser builds and made this patched version integrate
with the Scheduler mock. This way we can effectively use `act` to flush
flight and fizz work similar to how we do this on the client.
Fixes a bug in the experimental `initialValue` option for
`useDeferredValue` (added in #27500).
If rendering the `initialValue` causes the tree to suspend, React should
skip it and switch to rendering the final value instead. It should not
wait for `initialValue` to resolve.
This is not just an optimization, because in some cases the initial
value may _never_ resolve — intentionally. For example, if the
application does not provide an instant fallback state. This capability
is, in fact, the primary motivation for the `initialValue` API.
I mostly implemented this correctly in the original PR, but I missed
some cases where it wasn't working:
- If there's no Suspense boundary between the `useDeferredValue` hook
and the component that suspends, and we're not in the shell of the
transition (i.e. there's a parent Suspense boundary wrapping the
`useDeferredValue` hook), the deferred task would get incorrectly
dropped.
- Similarly, if there's no Suspense boundary between the
`useDeferredValue` hook and the component that suspends, and we're
rendering a synchronous update, the deferred task would get incorrectly
dropped.
What these cases have in common is that it causes the `useDeferredValue`
hook itself to be replaced by a Suspense fallback. The fix was the same
for both. (It already worked in cases where there's no Suspense fallback
at all, because those are handled differently, at the root.)
The way I discovered this was when investigating a particular bug in
Next.js that would happen during a 'popstate' transition (back/forward),
but not during a regular navigation. That's because we render popstate
transitions synchronously to preserve browser's scroll position — which
in this case triggered the second scenario above.
By default, partial hydration is given the lowest possible priority,
because until a tree is updated, the server-rendered HTML is assumed to
match the final resolved HTML.
However, this isn't completely true because a component may choose to
"upgrade" itself upon hydration. The simplest example is a component
that calls setState in a useEffect to switch to a richer implementation
of the UI. Another example is a component that doesn't have a server-
rendered implementation, so it intentionally suspends to force a client-
only render.
useDeferredValue is an example, too: the server only renders the first
pass (the initialValue) argument, and relies on the client to upgrade to
the final value.
What we should really do in these cases is emit some information into
the Fizz stream so that Fiber knows to prioritize the hydration of
certain trees. We plan to add a mechanism for this in the future.
In the meantime, though, we can at least ensure that the priority of the
upgrade task is correct once it's "discovered" during hydration. In this
case, the priority of the task spawned by useDeferredValue should have
Transition priority, not Offscreen priority.
Adds a second argument to useDeferredValue called initialValue:
```js
const value = useDeferredValue(finalValue, initialValue);
```
During the initial render of a component, useDeferredValue will return
initialValue. Once that render finishes, it will spawn an additional
render to switch to finalValue.
This same sequence should occur whenever the hook is hidden and revealed
again, i.e. by a Suspense or Activity, though this part is not yet
implemented.
When initialValue is not provided, useDeferredValue has no effect during
initial render, but during an update, it will remain on the previous
value, then spawn an additional render to switch to the new value. (This
is the same behavior that exists today.)
During SSR, initialValue is always used, if provided.
This feature is currently behind an experimental flag. We plan to ship
it in a non-breaking release.
Josh Story
Jan Kassens
Ricky
Andrew Clark