diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Entrypoint/Pipeline.ts b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Entrypoint/Pipeline.ts
index acee959555..8b968eb5d7 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Entrypoint/Pipeline.ts
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Entrypoint/Pipeline.ts
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ import {
 } from '../Validation';
 import {validateLocalsNotReassignedAfterRender} from '../Validation/ValidateLocalsNotReassignedAfterRender';
 import {outlineFunctions} from '../Optimization/OutlineFunctions';
+import {validateUseEffectDependencies} from '../Validation/ValidateUseEffectDependencies';
 
 export type CompilerPipelineValue =
   | {kind: 'ast'; name: string; value: CodegenFunction}
@@ -484,6 +485,8 @@ function* runWithEnvironment(
     validatePreservedManualMemoization(reactiveFunction);
   }
 
+  validateUseEffectDependencies(reactiveFunction);
+
   const ast = codegenFunction(reactiveFunction, {
     uniqueIdentifiers,
     fbtOperands,
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Validation/ValidateUseEffectDependencies.ts b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Validation/ValidateUseEffectDependencies.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c4159911e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Validation/ValidateUseEffectDependencies.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+import {CompilerError, ErrorSeverity} from '..';
+import {
+  IdentifierId,
+  Place,
+  ReactiveFunction,
+  ReactiveInstruction,
+} from '../HIR';
+import {
+  ReactiveFunctionVisitor,
+  visitReactiveFunction,
+} from '../ReactiveScopes/visitors';
+import {isEffectHook} from './ValidateMemoizedEffectDependencies';
+
+export function validateUseEffectDependencies(fn: ReactiveFunction): void {
+  const errors = new CompilerError();
+  visitReactiveFunction(fn, new Visitor(), errors);
+  if (errors.hasErrors()) {
+    throw errors;
+  }
+}
+
+class Visitor extends ReactiveFunctionVisitor<CompilerError> {
+  #functionDependencies: Map<IdentifierId, Array<Place>> = new Map();
+
+  override visitInstruction(
+    instruction: ReactiveInstruction,
+    state: CompilerError,
+  ): void {
+    this.traverseInstruction(instruction, state);
+    if (instruction.lvalue) {
+      if (
+        instruction.value.kind === 'LoadLocal' ||
+        instruction.value.kind === 'LoadContext'
+      ) {
+        if (
+          this.#functionDependencies.has(instruction.value.place.identifier.id)
+        ) {
+          this.#functionDependencies.set(
+            instruction.lvalue.identifier.id,
+            this.#functionDependencies.get(
+              instruction.value.place.identifier.id,
+            )!,
+          );
+        }
+      } else if (instruction.value.kind === 'FunctionExpression') {
+        this.#functionDependencies.set(
+          instruction.lvalue.identifier.id,
+          instruction.value.loweredFunc.dependencies,
+        );
+      } else if (instruction.value.kind === 'ReactiveFunctionValue') {
+        this.#functionDependencies.set(
+          instruction.lvalue.identifier.id,
+          instruction.value.dependencies,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+    if (
+      instruction.value.kind === 'CallExpression' &&
+      isEffectHook(instruction.value.callee.identifier)
+    ) {
+      let inferredDeps = null;
+      if (
+        instruction.value.args.length === 1 &&
+        instruction.value.args[0].kind === 'Identifier'
+      ) {
+        inferredDeps =
+          this.#functionDependencies.get(
+            instruction.value.args[0].identifier.id,
+          ) ?? null;
+      }
+
+      if (inferredDeps != null && inferredDeps.length > 0) {
+        state.push({
+          reason:
+            'React Compiler has skipped optimizing this component because an effect hook was called without a dependency array.',
+          description: null,
+          severity: ErrorSeverity.InvalidReact,
+          loc: typeof instruction.loc !== 'symbol' ? instruction.loc : null,
+          suggestions: null,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}