diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-forget/src/HIR/ObjectShape.ts b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-forget/src/HIR/ObjectShape.ts
index 5910f7327a..05ae9fe108 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-forget/src/HIR/ObjectShape.ts
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-forget/src/HIR/ObjectShape.ts
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ addObject(BUILTIN_SHAPES, BuiltInArrayId, [
       positionalParams: [Effect.Read],
       restParam: null,
       returnType: { kind: "Poly" },
-      calleeEffect: Effect.Read,
+      calleeEffect: Effect.Capture,
       returnValueKind: ValueKind.Mutable,
     }),
   ],
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-forget/src/Inference/InferReferenceEffects.ts b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-forget/src/Inference/InferReferenceEffects.ts
index 974e6b83a3..a439d4f663 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-forget/src/Inference/InferReferenceEffects.ts
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-forget/src/Inference/InferReferenceEffects.ts
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ function inferBlock(
           signature !== null ? getFunctionEffects(instrValue, signature) : null;
         const returnValueKind =
           signature !== null ? signature.returnValueKind : ValueKind.Mutable;
+        let hasCaptureArgument = false;
         for (let i = 0; i < instrValue.args.length; i++) {
           const arg = instrValue.args[i];
           const place = arg.kind === "Identifier" ? arg : arg.place;
@@ -817,16 +818,20 @@ function inferBlock(
           } else {
             state.reference(place, Effect.ConditionallyMutate);
           }
+          hasCaptureArgument ||= place.effect === Effect.Capture;
         }
         if (signature !== null) {
           state.reference(instrValue.callee, signature.calleeEffect);
         } else {
           state.reference(instrValue.callee, Effect.ConditionallyMutate);
         }
+        hasCaptureArgument ||= instrValue.callee.effect === Effect.Capture;
 
         state.initialize(instrValue, returnValueKind);
         state.define(instr.lvalue, instrValue);
-        instr.lvalue.effect = Effect.ConditionallyMutate;
+        instr.lvalue.effect = hasCaptureArgument
+          ? Effect.Store
+          : Effect.ConditionallyMutate;
         continue;
       }
       case "MethodCall": {
@@ -871,6 +876,7 @@ function inferBlock(
           signature !== null ? getFunctionEffects(instrValue, signature) : null;
         const returnValueKind =
           signature !== null ? signature.returnValueKind : ValueKind.Mutable;
+        let hasCaptureArgument = false;
         for (let i = 0; i < instrValue.args.length; i++) {
           const arg = instrValue.args[i];
           const place = arg.kind === "Identifier" ? arg : arg.place;
@@ -883,16 +889,20 @@ function inferBlock(
           } else {
             state.reference(place, Effect.ConditionallyMutate);
           }
+          hasCaptureArgument ||= place.effect === Effect.Capture;
         }
         if (signature !== null) {
           state.reference(instrValue.receiver, signature.calleeEffect);
         } else {
           state.reference(instrValue.receiver, Effect.ConditionallyMutate);
         }
+        hasCaptureArgument ||= instrValue.receiver.effect === Effect.Capture;
 
         state.initialize(instrValue, returnValueKind);
         state.define(instr.lvalue, instrValue);
-        instr.lvalue.effect = Effect.ConditionallyMutate;
+        instr.lvalue.effect = hasCaptureArgument
+          ? Effect.Store
+          : Effect.ConditionallyMutate;
         continue;
       }
       case "PropertyStore": {
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-forget/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/array-at-mutate-after-capture.expect.md b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-forget/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/array-at-mutate-after-capture.expect.md
index 121d085be1..c0ef5e5a03 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-forget/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/array-at-mutate-after-capture.expect.md
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-forget/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/array-at-mutate-after-capture.expect.md
@@ -21,18 +21,18 @@ function Component(props) {
 import { unstable_useMemoCache as useMemoCache } from "react"; // x's mutable range should extend to `mutate(y)`
 
 function Component(props) {
-  const $ = useMemoCache(1);
-  let t0;
-  if ($[0] === Symbol.for("react.memo_cache_sentinel")) {
-    t0 = [42, {}];
-    $[0] = t0;
+  const $ = useMemoCache(2);
+  let x;
+  if ($[0] !== props.b) {
+    x = [42, {}];
+    const idx = foo(props.b);
+    const y = x.at(idx);
+    mutate(y);
+    $[0] = props.b;
+    $[1] = x;
   } else {
-    t0 = $[0];
+    x = $[1];
   }
-  const x = t0;
-  const idx = foo(props.b);
-  const y = x.at(idx);
-  mutate(y);
   return x;
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-forget/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/assignment-variations-complex-lvalue-array.expect.md b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-forget/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/assignment-variations-complex-lvalue-array.expect.md
index 451f29f572..7d045bc764 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-forget/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/assignment-variations-complex-lvalue-array.expect.md
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-forget/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/assignment-variations-complex-lvalue-array.expect.md
@@ -23,16 +23,15 @@ export const FIXTURE_ENTRYPOINT = {
 import { unstable_useMemoCache as useMemoCache } from "react";
 function foo() {
   const $ = useMemoCache(1);
-  let t0;
+  let a;
   if ($[0] === Symbol.for("react.memo_cache_sentinel")) {
-    t0 = [[1]];
-    $[0] = t0;
+    a = [[1]];
+    const first = a.at(0);
+    first.set(0, 2);
+    $[0] = a;
   } else {
-    t0 = $[0];
+    a = $[0];
   }
-  const a = t0;
-  const first = a.at(0);
-  first.set(0, 2);
   return a;
 }