diff --git a/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/renderer/runtimescheduler/RuntimeScheduler_Modern.cpp b/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/renderer/runtimescheduler/RuntimeScheduler_Modern.cpp
index 036135c9103..9ebda05e428 100644
--- a/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/renderer/runtimescheduler/RuntimeScheduler_Modern.cpp
+++ b/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/renderer/runtimescheduler/RuntimeScheduler_Modern.cpp
@@ -204,21 +204,17 @@ void RuntimeScheduler_Modern::startWorkLoop(
 
   auto previousPriority = currentPriority_;
 
-  try {
-    while (syncTaskRequests_ == 0) {
-      auto currentTime = now_();
-      auto topPriorityTask = selectTask(currentTime, onlyExpired);
+  while (syncTaskRequests_ == 0) {
+    auto currentTime = now_();
+    auto topPriorityTask = selectTask(currentTime, onlyExpired);
 
-      if (!topPriorityTask) {
-        // No pending work to do.
-        // Events will restart the loop when necessary.
-        break;
-      }
-
-      executeTask(runtime, *topPriorityTask, currentTime);
+    if (!topPriorityTask) {
+      // No pending work to do.
+      // Events will restart the loop when necessary.
+      break;
     }
-  } catch (jsi::JSError& error) {
-    handleJSError(runtime, error, true);
+
+    executeTask(runtime, *topPriorityTask, currentTime);
   }
 
   currentPriority_ = previousPriority;
@@ -310,12 +306,16 @@ void RuntimeScheduler_Modern::executeMacrotask(
     bool didUserCallbackTimeout) const {
   SystraceSection s("RuntimeScheduler::executeMacrotask");
 
-  auto result = task.execute(runtime, didUserCallbackTimeout);
+  try {
+    auto result = task.execute(runtime, didUserCallbackTimeout);
 
-  if (result.isObject() && result.getObject(runtime).isFunction(runtime)) {
-    // If the task returned a continuation callback, we re-assign it to the task
-    // and keep the task in the queue.
-    task.callback = result.getObject(runtime).getFunction(runtime);
+    if (result.isObject() && result.getObject(runtime).isFunction(runtime)) {
+      // If the task returned a continuation callback, we re-assign it to the
+      // task and keep the task in the queue.
+      task.callback = result.getObject(runtime).getFunction(runtime);
+    }
+  } catch (jsi::JSError& error) {
+    handleJSError(runtime, error, true);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/renderer/runtimescheduler/Task.cpp b/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/renderer/runtimescheduler/Task.cpp
index 24a0357ac83..6816e38fa55 100644
--- a/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/renderer/runtimescheduler/Task.cpp
+++ b/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/renderer/runtimescheduler/Task.cpp
@@ -32,20 +32,22 @@ jsi::Value Task::execute(jsi::Runtime& runtime, bool didUserCallbackTimeout) {
     return result;
   }
 
-  auto& cbVal = callback.value();
+  // We get the value of the callback and reset it immediately to avoid it being
+  // called more than once (including when the callback throws).
+  auto originalCallback = std::move(*callback);
+  callback.reset();
 
-  if (cbVal.index() == 0) {
+  if (originalCallback.index() == 0) {
     // Callback in JavaScript is expecting a single bool parameter.
     // React team plans to remove it in the future when a scheduler bug on web
     // is resolved.
-    result =
-        std::get<jsi::Function>(cbVal).call(runtime, {didUserCallbackTimeout});
+    result = std::get<jsi::Function>(originalCallback)
+                 .call(runtime, {didUserCallbackTimeout});
   } else {
     // Calling a raw callback
-    std::get<RawCallback>(cbVal)(runtime);
+    std::get<RawCallback>(originalCallback)(runtime);
   }
-  // Destroying callback to prevent calling it twice.
-  callback.reset();
+
   return result;
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/renderer/runtimescheduler/tests/RuntimeSchedulerTest.cpp b/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/renderer/runtimescheduler/tests/RuntimeSchedulerTest.cpp
index 4803da7c735..7ec0e2d38ea 100644
--- a/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/renderer/runtimescheduler/tests/RuntimeSchedulerTest.cpp
+++ b/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/react/renderer/runtimescheduler/tests/RuntimeSchedulerTest.cpp
@@ -1055,6 +1055,52 @@ TEST_P(RuntimeSchedulerTest, modernTwoThreadsRequestAccessToTheRuntime) {
   EXPECT_EQ(stubQueue_->size(), 0);
 }
 
+TEST_P(RuntimeSchedulerTest, errorInTaskShouldNotStopMicrotasks) {
+  // Only for modern runtime scheduler
+  if (!GetParam()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  auto microtaskRan = false;
+  auto taskRan = false;
+
+  auto callback = createHostFunctionFromLambda([&](bool /* unused */) {
+    taskRan = true;
+
+    auto microtaskCallback = jsi::Function::createFromHostFunction(
+        *runtime_,
+        jsi::PropNameID::forUtf8(*runtime_, "microtask1"),
+        3,
+        [&](jsi::Runtime& /*unused*/,
+            const jsi::Value& /*unused*/,
+            const jsi::Value* /*arguments*/,
+            size_t /*unused*/) -> jsi::Value {
+          microtaskRan = true;
+          return jsi::Value::undefined();
+        });
+
+    runtime_->queueMicrotask(microtaskCallback);
+
+    throw jsi::JSError(*runtime_, "Test error");
+
+    return jsi::Value::undefined();
+  });
+
+  runtimeScheduler_->scheduleTask(
+      SchedulerPriority::NormalPriority, std::move(callback));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(taskRan, false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(microtaskRan, false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(stubQueue_->size(), 1);
+
+  stubQueue_->tick();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(taskRan, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(microtaskRan, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(stubQueue_->size(), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(stubErrorUtils_->getReportFatalCallCount(), 1);
+}
+
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
     UseModernRuntimeScheduler,
     RuntimeSchedulerTest,