feat(tm-android): Reject Promise if Turbo Module method throws an Error (#37484)

Summary:
### [iOS change here](https://github.com/facebook/react-native/pull/40764)

This PR builds upon the previous work done in https://github.com/facebook/react-native/pull/36925, which introduced native stack traces to the JSError for synchronous functions.

The current modifications concentrate on functions that return Promises. Prior to this PR, errors within Promise-returning functions would be thrown at the platform layer crashing the app without a link to the JS stack.

After the implementation of this PR, errors thrown within Promise-returning functions are now captured and transformed into rejected Promises. These rejected Promises contain a JS Error object that contains both the JS stack trace and the cause, along with the platform stack trace.

Additionally, this PR ensures that rejections from native functions are now linked to the JS stack trace, providing a more comprehensive view of the rejection flow.

## Changelog:

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Pick one each for the category and type tags:

[ANDROID|GENERAL|IOS|INTERNAL] [BREAKING|ADDED|CHANGED|DEPRECATED|REMOVED|FIXED|SECURITY] - Message

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-->

[GENERAL][ADDED] - Turbo Modules Promise-returning functions reject with JS and platform stack traces information

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/react-native/pull/37484

Test Plan:
| Android |
|--------|
| ![function_promise_android](https://github.com/krystofwoldrich/react-native/assets/31292499/1d1a3adf-986a-47b4-b98b-9e766176b7ae) |

Example of intentionally rejected promise on Android:

```
{
  "name": "Error",
  "message": "Exception in HostFunction: intentional promise rejection",
  "stack": "[native code]\ntryCallTwo@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/RNTesterApp.android.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&lazy=true&minify=false&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=false&runModule=true:25844:9\ndoResolve@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/RNTesterApp.android.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&lazy=true&minify=false&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=false&runModule=true:25975:25\nPromise@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/RNTesterApp.android.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&lazy=true&minify=false&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=false&runModule=true:25863:14\n[native code]\nrejectPromise@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/examples/TurboModule/SampleTurboModuleExample.bundle?platform=android&lazy=true&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=true&dev=true&minify=false&runModule=true&shallow=true:42:70\nonPress@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/examples/TurboModule/SampleTurboModuleExample.bundle?platform=android&lazy=true&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=true&dev=true&minify=false&runModule=true&shallow=true:242:71\n_performTransitionSideEffects@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/RNTesterApp.android.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&lazy=true&minify=false&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=false&runModule=true:51896:22\n_receiveSignal@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/RNTesterApp.android.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&lazy=true&minify=false&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=false&runModule=true:51852:45\nonResponderRelease@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/RNTesterApp.android.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&lazy=true&minify=false&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=false&runModule=true:51715:34\ninvokeGuardedCallbackProd@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/RNTesterApp.android.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&lazy=true&minify=false&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=false&runModule=true:2962:21\ninvokeGuardedCallback@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/RNTesterApp.android.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&lazy=true&minify=false&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=false&runModule=true:3048:42\ninvokeGuardedCallbackAndCatchFirstError@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/RNTesterApp.android.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&lazy=true&minify=false&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=false&runModule=true:3051:36\nexecuteDispatch@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/RNTesterApp.android.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&lazy=true&minify=false&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=false&runModule=true:3115:48\nexecuteDispatchesInOrder@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/RNTesterApp.android.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&lazy=true&minify=false&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=false&runModule=true:3132:26\nexecuteDispatchesAndRelease@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/RNTesterApp.android.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&lazy=true&minify=false&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=false&runModule=true:4856:35\nforEach@[native code]\nforEachAccumulated@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/RNTesterApp.android.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&lazy=true&minify=false&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=false&runModule=true:3574:22\nrunEventsInBatch@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/RNTesterApp.android.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&lazy=true&minify=false&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=false&runModule=true:4874:27\nrunExtractedPluginEventsInBatch@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/RNTesterApp.android.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&lazy=true&minify=false&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=false&runModule=true:4896:25\nhttp://10.0.2.2:8081/js/RNTesterApp.android.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&lazy=true&minify=false&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=false&runModule=true:4914:42\nbatchedUpdates$1@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/RNTesterApp.android.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&lazy=true&minify=false&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=false&runModule=true:14750:20\nbatchedUpdates@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/RNTesterApp.android.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&lazy=true&minify=false&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=false&runModule=true:4845:36\ndispatchEvent@http://10.0.2.2:8081/js/RNTesterApp.android.bundle?platform=android&dev=true&lazy=true&minify=false&app=com.facebook.react.uiapp&modulesOnly=false&runModule=true:4907:23",
  "cause": {
    "nativeStackAndroid": [
      {
        "lineNumber": 173,
        "file": "SampleTurboModule.java",
        "methodName": "getValueWithPromise",
        "class": "com.facebook.fbreact.specs.SampleTurboModule"
      },
      {
        "lineNumber": -2,
        "file": "NativeRunnable.java",
        "methodName": "run",
        "class": "com.facebook.jni.NativeRunnable"
      },
      {
        "lineNumber": 942,
        "file": "Handler.java",
        "methodName": "handleCallback",
        "class": "android.os.Handler"
      },
      {
        "lineNumber": 99,
        "file": "Handler.java",
        "methodName": "dispatchMessage",
        "class": "android.os.Handler"
      },
      {
        "lineNumber": 27,
        "file": "MessageQueueThreadHandler.java",
        "methodName": "dispatchMessage",
        "class": "com.facebook.react.bridge.queue.MessageQueueThreadHandler"
      },
      {
        "lineNumber": 201,
        "file": "Looper.java",
        "methodName": "loopOnce",
        "class": "android.os.Looper"
      },
      {
        "lineNumber": 288,
        "file": "Looper.java",
        "methodName": "loop",
        "class": "android.os.Looper"
      },
      {
        "lineNumber": 228,
        "file": "MessageQueueThreadImpl.java",
        "methodName": "run",
        "class": "com.facebook.react.bridge.queue.MessageQueueThreadImpl$4"
      },
      {
        "lineNumber": 1012,
        "file": "Thread.java",
        "methodName": "run",
        "class": "java.lang.Thread"
      }
    ],
    "userInfo": null,
    "message": "intentional promise rejection",
    "code": "code 1"
  }
}
```

How I logged out the Errors:

```js
console.log('Error in JS:', JSON.stringify({
  name: e.name,
  message: e.message,
  stack: e.stack,
  ...e,
}, null, 2));
```

Reviewed By: RSNara

Differential Revision: D50613349

Pulled By: javache

fbshipit-source-id: b49c469118c8d8d27c43164f110dfe57ddd592d9

packages/rn-tester/js/examples/TurboModule/SampleTurboModuleExample.js

@@ -54,7 +54,10 @@ class SampleTurboModuleExample extends React.Component<{||}, State> {
     rejectPromise: () =>
       NativeSampleTurboModule.getValueWithPromise(true)
         .then(() => {})
-        .catch(e => this._setResult('rejectPromise', e.message)),
+        .catch(e => {
+          console.error(e);
+          this._setResult('rejectPromise', e.message);
+        }),
     getConstants: () => NativeSampleTurboModule.getConstants(),
     voidFunc: () => NativeSampleTurboModule.voidFunc(),
     getBool: () => NativeSampleTurboModule.getBool(true),
@@ -81,6 +84,7 @@ class SampleTurboModuleExample extends React.Component<{||}, State> {
       try {
         NativeSampleTurboModule.voidFuncThrows?.();
       } catch (e) {
+        console.error(e);
         return e.message;
       }
     },
@@ -88,21 +92,23 @@ class SampleTurboModuleExample extends React.Component<{||}, State> {
       try {
         NativeSampleTurboModule.getObjectThrows?.({a: 1, b: 'foo', c: null});
       } catch (e) {
+        console.error(e);
         return e.message;
       }
     },
     promiseThrows: () => {
-      try {
-        // $FlowFixMe[unused-promise]
-        NativeSampleTurboModule.promiseThrows?.();
-      } catch (e) {
-        return e.message;
-      }
+      NativeSampleTurboModule.promiseThrows?.()
+        .then(() => {})
+        .catch(e => {
+          console.error(e);
+          this._setResult('promiseThrows', e.message);
+        });
     },
     voidFuncAssert: () => {
       try {
         NativeSampleTurboModule.voidFuncAssert?.();
       } catch (e) {
+        console.error(e);
         return e.message;
       }
     },
@@ -110,16 +116,17 @@ class SampleTurboModuleExample extends React.Component<{||}, State> {
       try {
         NativeSampleTurboModule.getObjectAssert?.({a: 1, b: 'foo', c: null});
       } catch (e) {
+        console.error(e);
         return e.message;
       }
     },
     promiseAssert: () => {
-      try {
-        // $FlowFixMe[unused-promise]
-        NativeSampleTurboModule.promiseAssert?.();
-      } catch (e) {
-        return e.message;
-      }
+      NativeSampleTurboModule.promiseAssert?.()
+        .then(() => {})
+        .catch(e => {
+          console.error(e);
+          this._setResult('promiseAssert', e.message);
+        });
     },
   };