diff --git a/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/jsinspector-modern/tests/ConsoleApiTest.cpp b/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/jsinspector-modern/tests/ConsoleApiTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cd4b17f8eff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/jsinspector-modern/tests/ConsoleApiTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,571 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+#include "JsiIntegrationTest.h"
+
+#include "engines/JsiIntegrationTestHermesWithCDPAgentEngineAdapter.h"
+#include "prelude.js.h"
+
+#include <utility>
+
+using namespace ::testing;
+
+namespace facebook::react::jsinspector_modern {
+
+namespace {
+
+struct Params {
+  /**
+   * Whether to evaluate the prelude.js script (containing RN's console
+   * polyfill) after setting up the Runtime.
+   */
+  bool withConsolePolyfill{false};
+
+  /**
+   * Whether to install the global nativeLoggingHook function after setting up
+   * the Runtime (before the prelude if any).
+   */
+  bool withNativeLoggingHook{false};
+
+  /**
+   * Whether to enable the Runtime domain at the start of the test (and expect
+   * live consoleAPICalled notifications), or enable it at the *end* of the test
+   * (and expect buffered notifications at that point).
+   */
+  bool runtimeEnabledAtStart{false};
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
+/**
+ * A test fixture for the Console API.
+ */
+class ConsoleApiTest : public JsiIntegrationPortableTest<
+                           JsiIntegrationTestHermesWithCDPAgentEngineAdapter>,
+                       public WithParamInterface<Params> {
+  struct ExpectedConsoleApiCall {
+    std::string type;
+    std::string argsJson;
+  };
+
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    JsiIntegrationPortableTest::SetUp();
+    connect();
+    if (GetParam().runtimeEnabledAtStart) {
+      enableRuntimeDomain();
+    }
+  }
+
+  void TearDown() override {
+    if (!GetParam().runtimeEnabledAtStart) {
+      enableRuntimeDomain();
+    }
+    JsiIntegrationPortableTest::TearDown();
+  }
+
+  void expectConsoleApiCall(std::string type, std::string argsJson) {
+    ExpectedConsoleApiCall call{
+        .type = std::move(type), .argsJson = std::move(argsJson)};
+    if (runtimeEnabled_) {
+      expectConsoleApiCallImpl(std::move(call));
+    } else {
+      expectedConsoleApiCalls_.emplace_back(call);
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool isRuntimeDomainEnabled() const {
+    return runtimeEnabled_;
+  }
+
+  void clearExpectedConsoleApiCalls() {
+    expectedConsoleApiCalls_.clear();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  void expectConsoleApiCallImpl(ExpectedConsoleApiCall call) {
+    this->expectMessageFromPage(JsonParsed(AllOf(
+        AtJsonPtr("/method", "Runtime.consoleAPICalled"),
+        AtJsonPtr("/params/type", call.type),
+        AtJsonPtr("/params/args", Eq(folly::parseJson(call.argsJson))))));
+  }
+
+  void enableRuntimeDomain() {
+    InSequence s;
+    auto executionContextInfo = this->expectMessageFromPage(JsonParsed(
+        AllOf(AtJsonPtr("/method", "Runtime.executionContextCreated"))));
+    if (!runtimeEnabled_) {
+      for (auto& call : expectedConsoleApiCalls_) {
+        expectConsoleApiCallImpl(call);
+      }
+      expectedConsoleApiCalls_.clear();
+    }
+    this->expectMessageFromPage(JsonEq(R"({
+                                            "id": 1,
+                                            "result": {}
+                                        })"));
+    this->toPage_->sendMessage(R"({
+                                    "id": 1,
+                                    "method": "Runtime.enable"
+                                })");
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(executionContextInfo->has_value());
+
+    runtimeEnabled_ = true;
+  }
+
+  void loadMainBundle() override {
+    auto params = GetParam();
+    if (params.withNativeLoggingHook) {
+      // The presence or absence of nativeLoggingHook affects the console
+      // polyfill's behaviour.
+      eval(
+          R"(
+            if (!globalThis.nativeLoggingHook) {
+              globalThis.nativeLoggingHook = function(level, message) {
+                print(level + ': ' + message);
+              };
+            }
+          )");
+    } else {
+      // Ensure that we run without nativeLoggingHook even if it was installed
+      // elsewhere.
+      eval(R"(
+        delete globalThis.nativeLoggingHook;
+      )");
+    }
+    if (params.withConsolePolyfill) {
+      eval(preludeJsCode);
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::vector<ExpectedConsoleApiCall> expectedConsoleApiCalls_;
+  bool runtimeEnabled_{false};
+};
+
+class ConsoleApiTestWithPreExistingConsole : public ConsoleApiTest {
+  void setupRuntimeBeforeRegistration(jsi::Runtime& /*unused*/) override {
+    eval(R"(
+      globalThis.__console_messages__ = [];
+      globalThis.console = {
+        log: function(...args) {
+          globalThis.__console_messages__.push({
+            type: 'log',
+            args,
+          });
+        },
+        warn: function(...args) {
+          globalThis.__console_messages__.push({
+            type: 'warn',
+            args,
+          });
+        },
+      };
+    )");
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleLog) {
+  InSequence s;
+  expectConsoleApiCall("log", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "hello"
+  }, {
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "world"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.log('hello', 'world');");
+}
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleDebug) {
+  InSequence s;
+  expectConsoleApiCall("debug", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "hello fusebox"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.debug('hello fusebox');");
+}
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleInfo) {
+  InSequence s;
+  expectConsoleApiCall("info", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "you should know this"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.info('you should know this');");
+}
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleError) {
+  InSequence s;
+  expectConsoleApiCall("error", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "uh oh"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.error('uh oh');");
+}
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleWarn) {
+  InSequence s;
+  expectConsoleApiCall("warning", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "careful"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.warn('careful');");
+}
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleDir) {
+  InSequence s;
+  expectConsoleApiCall("dir", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "something"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.dir('something');");
+}
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleDirxml) {
+  InSequence s;
+  expectConsoleApiCall("dirxml", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "pretend this is a DOM element"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.dirxml('pretend this is a DOM element');");
+}
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleTable) {
+  InSequence s;
+  expectConsoleApiCall("table", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "pretend this is a complex object"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.table('pretend this is a complex object');");
+}
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleTrace) {
+  InSequence s;
+  expectConsoleApiCall("trace", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "trace trace"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.trace('trace trace');");
+}
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleClear) {
+  InSequence s;
+  expectConsoleApiCall("clear", "[]");
+  eval("console.clear();");
+}
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleClearAfterOtherCall) {
+  InSequence s;
+  if (isRuntimeDomainEnabled()) {
+    // This should only be delivered if console notifications are enabled, not
+    // when they're being cached for later.
+    expectConsoleApiCall("log", R"([{
+      "type": "string",
+      "value": "hello"
+    }])");
+  }
+  expectConsoleApiCall("clear", "[]");
+  eval("console.log('hello');");
+  eval("console.clear();");
+}
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleGroup) {
+  InSequence s;
+  expectConsoleApiCall("startGroup", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "group title"
+  }])");
+  expectConsoleApiCall("log", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "in group"
+  }])");
+  expectConsoleApiCall("endGroup", "[]");
+  eval("console.group('group title');");
+  eval("console.log('in group');");
+  eval("console.groupEnd();");
+}
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleGroupCollapsed) {
+  InSequence s;
+  expectConsoleApiCall("startGroupCollapsed", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "group collapsed title"
+  }])");
+  expectConsoleApiCall("log", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "in group collapsed"
+  }])");
+  expectConsoleApiCall("endGroup", "[]");
+  eval("console.groupCollapsed('group collapsed title');");
+  eval("console.log('in group collapsed');");
+  eval("console.groupEnd();");
+}
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleAssert) {
+  InSequence s;
+  expectConsoleApiCall("assert", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "Assertion failed: something is bad"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.assert(true, 'everything is good');");
+  eval("console.assert(false, 'something is bad');");
+
+  expectConsoleApiCall("assert", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "Assertion failed"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.assert();");
+}
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleCount) {
+  InSequence s;
+  expectConsoleApiCall("count", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "default: 1"
+  }])");
+  expectConsoleApiCall("count", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "default: 2"
+  }])");
+  expectConsoleApiCall("count", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "default: 3"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.count();");
+  eval("console.count('default');");
+  eval("console.count();");
+  eval("console.countReset();");
+
+  expectConsoleApiCall("count", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "default: 1"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.count();");
+  eval("console.countReset('default');");
+
+  expectConsoleApiCall("count", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "default: 1"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.count();");
+}
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleCountLabel) {
+  InSequence s;
+  expectConsoleApiCall("count", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "foo: 1"
+  }])");
+  expectConsoleApiCall("count", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "foo: 2"
+  }])");
+  expectConsoleApiCall("count", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "foo: 3"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.count('foo');");
+  eval("console.count('foo');");
+  eval("console.count('foo');");
+  eval("console.countReset('foo');");
+
+  expectConsoleApiCall("count", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "foo: 1"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.count('foo');");
+}
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleCountResetInvalidLabel) {
+  InSequence s;
+  expectConsoleApiCall("warning", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "Count for 'default' does not exist"
+  }])");
+  expectConsoleApiCall("warning", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "Count for 'default' does not exist"
+  }])");
+  expectConsoleApiCall("warning", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "Count for 'foo' does not exist"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.countReset();");
+  eval("console.countReset('default');");
+  eval("console.countReset('foo');");
+}
+
+// TODO(moti): Tests for console.timeEnd() and timeLog() that actually check the
+// output (with mocked system clock?)
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleTimeExistingLabel) {
+  eval("console.time();");
+  expectConsoleApiCall("warning", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "Timer 'default' already exists"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.time('default');");
+
+  eval("console.time('foo');");
+  expectConsoleApiCall("warning", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "Timer 'foo' already exists"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.time('foo');");
+}
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleTimeInvalidLabel) {
+  InSequence s;
+  expectConsoleApiCall("warning", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "Timer 'default' does not exist"
+  }])");
+  expectConsoleApiCall("warning", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "Timer 'default' does not exist"
+  }])");
+  expectConsoleApiCall("warning", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "Timer 'foo' does not exist"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.timeEnd();");
+  eval("console.timeEnd('default');");
+  eval("console.timeEnd('foo');");
+
+  expectConsoleApiCall("warning", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "Timer 'default' does not exist"
+  }])");
+  expectConsoleApiCall("warning", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "Timer 'default' does not exist"
+  }])");
+  expectConsoleApiCall("warning", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "Timer 'foo' does not exist"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.timeLog();");
+  eval("console.timeLog('default');");
+  eval("console.timeLog('foo');");
+}
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTest, testConsoleSilentlyClearedOnReload) {
+  InSequence s;
+  expectConsoleApiCall("log", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "hello"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.log('hello');");
+
+  // If there are any expectations we haven't checked yet, clear them
+  clearExpectedConsoleApiCalls();
+  // Reloading generates some Runtime events
+  if (isRuntimeDomainEnabled()) {
+    expectMessageFromPage(JsonParsed(
+        AllOf(AtJsonPtr("/method", "Runtime.executionContextDestroyed"))));
+    expectMessageFromPage(JsonParsed(
+        AllOf(AtJsonPtr("/method", "Runtime.executionContextsCleared"))));
+    expectMessageFromPage(JsonParsed(
+        AllOf(AtJsonPtr("/method", "Runtime.executionContextCreated"))));
+  }
+  reload();
+
+  expectConsoleApiCall("log", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "world"
+  }])");
+  eval("console.log('world');");
+}
+
+TEST_P(ConsoleApiTestWithPreExistingConsole, testPreExistingConsoleObject) {
+  InSequence s;
+  expectConsoleApiCall("log", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "hello"
+  }])");
+  expectConsoleApiCall("warning", R"([{
+    "type": "string",
+    "value": "world"
+  }])");
+  expectConsoleApiCall("table", R"([{
+    "type": "number",
+    "value": 42
+  }])");
+  eval("console.log('hello');");
+  eval("console.warn('world');");
+  // NOTE: not present in the pre-existing console object
+  eval("console.table(42);");
+  auto& runtime = engineAdapter_->getRuntime();
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      eval("JSON.stringify(globalThis.__console_messages__)")
+          .asString(runtime)
+          .utf8(runtime),
+      JsonEq(
+          R"([{
+            "type": "log",
+            "args": [
+              "hello"
+            ]
+          }, {
+            "type": "warn",
+            "args": [
+              "world"
+            ]
+          }])"));
+}
+
+static const auto paramValues = testing::Values(
+    Params{
+        .withConsolePolyfill = true,
+        .withNativeLoggingHook = false,
+        .runtimeEnabledAtStart = false,
+    },
+    Params{
+        .withConsolePolyfill = false,
+        .withNativeLoggingHook = false,
+        .runtimeEnabledAtStart = false,
+    },
+    Params{
+        .withConsolePolyfill = true,
+        .withNativeLoggingHook = false,
+        .runtimeEnabledAtStart = true,
+    },
+    Params{
+        .withConsolePolyfill = false,
+        .withNativeLoggingHook = false,
+        .runtimeEnabledAtStart = true,
+    },
+    Params{
+        .withConsolePolyfill = true,
+        .withNativeLoggingHook = true,
+        .runtimeEnabledAtStart = false,
+    },
+    Params{
+        .withConsolePolyfill = false,
+        .withNativeLoggingHook = true,
+        .runtimeEnabledAtStart = false,
+    },
+    Params{
+        .withConsolePolyfill = true,
+        .withNativeLoggingHook = true,
+        .runtimeEnabledAtStart = true,
+    },
+    Params{
+        .withConsolePolyfill = false,
+        .withNativeLoggingHook = true,
+        .runtimeEnabledAtStart = true,
+    });
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(ConsoleApiTest, ConsoleApiTest, paramValues);
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    ConsoleApiTestWithPreExistingConsole,
+    ConsoleApiTestWithPreExistingConsole,
+    paramValues);
+
+} // namespace facebook::react::jsinspector_modern
diff --git a/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/jsinspector-modern/tests/JsiIntegrationTest.h b/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/jsinspector-modern/tests/JsiIntegrationTest.h
index 5f0d9e572a9..00f262d3736 100644
--- a/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/jsinspector-modern/tests/JsiIntegrationTest.h
+++ b/packages/react-native/ReactCommon/jsinspector-modern/tests/JsiIntegrationTest.h
@@ -50,11 +50,17 @@ class JsiIntegrationPortableTest : public ::testing::Test,
  protected:
   JsiIntegrationPortableTest()
       : inspectorFlagsGuard_{EngineAdapter::getInspectorFlagOverrides()},
-        engineAdapter_{immediateExecutor_} {
+        engineAdapter_{immediateExecutor_} {}
+
+  void SetUp() override {
+    // NOTE: Using SetUp() so we can call virtual methods like
+    // setupRuntimeBeforeRegistration().
     instance_ = &page_->registerInstance(instanceTargetDelegate_);
+    setupRuntimeBeforeRegistration(engineAdapter_->getRuntime());
     runtimeTarget_ = &instance_->registerRuntime(
         engineAdapter_->getRuntimeTargetDelegate(),
         engineAdapter_->getRuntimeExecutor());
+    loadMainBundle();
   }
 
   ~JsiIntegrationPortableTest() override {
@@ -70,6 +76,19 @@ class JsiIntegrationPortableTest : public ::testing::Test,
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Noop in JsiIntegrationPortableTest, but can be overridden by derived
+   * fixture classes to load some code at startup and after each reload.
+   */
+  virtual void loadMainBundle() {}
+
+  /**
+   * Noop in JsiIntegrationPortableTest, but can be overridden by derived
+   * fixture classes to set up the runtime before registering it with the
+   * CDP backend.
+   */
+  virtual void setupRuntimeBeforeRegistration(jsi::Runtime& /*runtime*/) {}
+
   void connect() {
     ASSERT_FALSE(toPage_) << "Can only connect once in a JSI integration test.";
     toPage_ = page_->connect(
@@ -94,9 +113,11 @@ class JsiIntegrationPortableTest : public ::testing::Test,
     // Recreate the engine (e.g. to wipe any state in the inner jsi::Runtime)
     engineAdapter_.emplace(immediateExecutor_);
     instance_ = &page_->registerInstance(instanceTargetDelegate_);
+    setupRuntimeBeforeRegistration(engineAdapter_->getRuntime());
     runtimeTarget_ = &instance_->registerRuntime(
         engineAdapter_->getRuntimeTargetDelegate(),
         engineAdapter_->getRuntimeExecutor());
+    loadMainBundle();
   }
 
   MockRemoteConnection& fromPage() {